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Pledge Of Allegiance
-it was written by Francis Bellamy
-it was changed since 1892 to 1954 before it was agreed on
-it was change so immigrants would not confuse loyalties between their birth country & the U.S.
-in 1923 they added "the flag of the united states", a year later added "of america"
-in June 14,1954 added "under God" by a Joint Resolution of congress
-From 1954 till this day , we the people of the U.S. pledge of allegiance since the last change in 1954 -
Father of the Naval Aviation
-Glenn Curtis was the first to drive a plane with an engine in 1902
-in 1908 he designed a sea plane that could land on water
-landed his hydro airplane in a naval aviation
-convinced his secretary of the naval to buy the first aircraft
-in 1912 he developed the largest flying boat
-constructed the first airplane to cross the Atlantic ocean for all the U.S. Navy . -
Social Darwinism
-haves were rich people,or people that had power
-if you were poor or not educated then it means that they don't deserve to have money or power and they were a have not
-Concept behind Social darwinism was racism, money, and power
-"what social classes owe to each other" was a pamphlet by William Graham Sumner about solving social problems created in 1883-1903 -
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Red Scare
-Xenophobia is the fear of foreigners
-Many Americans were scared of the communists because the communist had overthrown Russia in 1917 and murdered them.
-A series of bomb explosions in 1919 ,including an attempt on Mitchel Palmer,lead to a campaign against the communists.
-Palmer raids causes mass arrests. Palmer violated people's civil rights.Palmer lead groups of people searching for communists.
-No communists were discovered ,lives were ruined due to the raids. -
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Harlem Renaissance
-The Harlem renaissance was the rise of power of African American gaining civil rights. the Harlem renaissance was also known as the "new negro movement" contributing factors leading to the Harlem renaissance were the great migration of African Americans to northern cities which had created new industrial work opportunities fro tens of thousands of people. over two million African Americans moved to the north to escape share cropping tenant farming and deep racism they faced. -
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The Roaring Twenties
This time period is marked by optimism, celebration, experimentation and social change,but also fear of external influences and a loss of 'American Culture -
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Transitional Immigration
-After the war the need for unskilled labor went down, the U.S. set up a quote system in order to limit immigration
-The immigrants who were already in the U.S were being discriminated & were forced to be americanized
-it affected their plans to go back to their country because of the fear of not being able to return
-New business activity centered in cities which caused many people to move
-New bank throughout the country helped finance economic growth by making loans to business's -
The 19th Amendment
-Women around the country had been fighting for the right to vote for over 300 years .
-Women started voting in governmental election and becoming involved in the political system. -
U.N.I.A.
-Marcus mosiah Garvey the members pledge themselves to do all in their power to conserve the rights of their noble race and to respect the right of all mankind believing a;ways in the fatherhood of god north and the frustrations of struggling to cope with urban life set the scene for Garvey back to African movement -
Henry Ford
-When manufacture first adopted their assembly line to their production process,they often achieved dramatic gains in productivity
-Ford was producing 1.6 million cars a year at a price of less then $300 per car
-The growth in automatic ownership, from and to 24 million, greatly affected all aspects of american life
-Ford payed his workers $5 an hour, so they could afford the model T they built. -
Emergency quota act
-it limited the number of immigrants entering the united states in any one year to 3% of each nationality group in 1910 from 1919-1921 the number of immigrants had grown almost 600% congress in response to nativist pressure decided to limit immigration from certain countries including japan positive thing about it was there were more jobs for the Americans. -
Langston Hughes
-Poet and writer best known for his work during the Harlem renaissance. poetry activist, novelist, play, writing the crisis is the official publication of the NAACP national association for the advancement of colored people negro speaks of rivers claims rivers as ancient as the world older than the blood that flows in our veins. -
Teapot Dome Scandal
-Albert B.Fall a close friend of various oil executives managed to get reserves transferred from the navy to the interior department
-Fall secretly leased the land to private oil companies including Henry Sinclair mammoth oil company .
-Fall received more than 400,000 in bans, bonds, and cash .
-He was found guilty of liberty and became the first american to be convicted of a felony.
-Fall and Harding were close friends during this event it hurt president Harding to not be re-elected . -
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Nativism
-A dislike of foreign's
-The Red Scare which had anarchist bombings The Sacco & Vanzetti case
-Migration of African Americans from south to northern cities increased racial tensions with KKK
-During Red scare anarchist targeted judges, politicians ,law enforcement officials ,2 foreigners persecuted to death for robbery & KKK targeted African Americans doing lynchings . and new foreigners using the Emergency Quota act to scare others . -
National Origins Act
-Established of a quota system limited immigration from southern and eastern Europe also established a quota to determine how many immigrants could enter the U.S. all Asians were excluded from immigration emergency quota act that limited immigration from a country to 3% this act caused immigration to drop by almost 500,000 people between 1920-1922. -
Scopes "Monkey Trial"
-High School teacher accused of teaching evolution in violation of a Tennessee state law
-The butler act did not allow the teaching of any theory that denied the biblical story of creationism .
-hundreds of reporters from all over the country , first trial to be broadcast on the radio .
-he was found guilty, had to pay fine of $100, but the verdict was thrown out on a technicality
-All mention of evolution was removed from the textbooks in Tennessee, till The butler act was removed in 1967 -
Charles Lindbergh/ Solo translate Flaight
-Charles Lindbergh and the spirit of st.Louis complete the first non stop flight, from New York to Pairs in 1927
- the propose plane had been named "spirit of st Louis" and the pilot was to be "Charles A. Lindbergh"
-Henry Ford made a trimotor airplane 1926 transatlantic flights by Charles Lindbergh and Amelia Earhart helped to promote cargo and commercial investments. -
Fats Waller
-originated from African American communities of new Orleans in the U.S during the late 19th and 20th century
-"Ain't misbehaving" song was written while "lodging" in alimony prison and that is why he was not "misbehaving"
-Began a new radio program called "rhythm club"
- Two Hollywood films "Hooray for love!" and "King of Burlesque". -
Eugenics
-eugenics is a set of beliefs and practices that aims at improving the genetic quality of the human population.
-The government under Theodore Roosevelt created a national Heredity commission that was charged to investigate the genetic heritage of the country and to "encourage" the increase of families of good blood and (discourage) the vicious elements in the cross-bred American civilization.
-Hitler believed that the Aryan people which came from eugenics were destined to rule the world. -
Duke Ellington
-duke Ellington was influenced to the Harlem Renaissance he was in fact a musician Jazz music also swing music Ellington was know fro being a american composer pianist and bandleader of jazz orchestra. he influenced both black and white people with his music because music doesn't have racist[cotton club] was where duke played it was a club for African American music but only white people were allowed.
