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Alfred Thayer Mahan
-Theodore Roosevelt was one of Mahan's followers
-This book he wrote the influence of sea power upon history
-Argued to achieve world power a country headed a power navy
-Naval bases to provide fueling solutions -
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Stanford B. Dole
-His relation with U.S. - Him and his family made the Dole Pineapple Company
-Effects played a prominent and active role in the overthrown of Queen Liliuokalani
-Gov. 1900-1903
-Connections - Family had pineapple plantations, led the provisional Gov. while it worked put plants for the U.S. to annex the island during Spanish America War -
Henry Cabot Lodge
-Helped write Sherman Anti Trust Act
-In the senate he advocated military strength as the best tactic for peace for imperialism
-Conservative Republican U.S. Senator from 1893-1924
-Imperialism - policy of extending a county's power and influence through diplomacy or military force -
USS Maine
-In 1989, USS Maine was sent to Havana to protect U.S interests during a Cuban revolt against Spain
-Although the explosion remains unknown The " Hearts & Pulitzer " Newspaper blamed the Spain for sabotage " YELLOW JOURNALISM "
-The sinking of Maine set off a fire storm making the people protest in the U.S. -
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The Spanish War
-Cause = U.S wanted to become a Empire, U.S. intervention for the Cuban patriots against Spain from 1870s to 1898
-Location of War = Manila Bay in the Philippines on May 1 1898, Cervera led the Spanish to Santiago July 3+ tired to escape westbound along the coast
-Effects of treaty = treaty of Paris ended the Spanish War, made U.S. a world power
-U.S. Military After War = made its navy stronger, because they thought a strong nave was essential to defend trade and grow international interest -
San Juan Hill
-Was a decisive battle of the Spanish-American war
-The San Juan heights was a north-south running elevation about 2 kilo east of Santiago DE Cuba
-Rough riders were ordered to engage 760 Spanish soldiers defending the San Juan heights. The battle that made T.R famous was actually fought on Kettle Hill -
Open Door Policy
Cause-They wanted to build an empire, United States did not have a sphere of influences of economic activities
-Protected american businessman & investors that American would shut out of china by the European powers
-U.S. participation would oppose any attempt by other nations to use the rebellion as an excuse to dismember china -
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Panama Canal
-Built to shorten distance ships had to pass b/w Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
-U.S. made a new country (PANAMA) by negotiating with Panamanian rebels and over throw Colombian GOV,
-Construction of the canal cost thousands of lives and $460 million -
Roosevelt Corollary
*changed/stated purpose-to change
-Monroe doctrine to keep European nations out of Latin America proverb, based his Latin American policy on a that said " speak softly & carry a big stick ' force the U.S. to exercise of an international policy power
**actually did-U.S would now use force to protect its economic interest in Latin America -
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Dollar Diplomacy
-Make america more money
-Took place in Caribbean region
-U.S. bankers loaned money to Latin american countries if they wouldn't repay loans U.S Marines were sent in to assure repayment by force -
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World War 1
-Central powers: Austria, Hungary, German Empire, Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Bulgaria, Bosnia, Italy & United States
-Triple entente: France, Russia, Great Britain & Japan
-Assassination of Archduke Franz Fernidad and his wife was gunned down which led to WW1 -
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Weapons Of Total War
A-Submarine to go underwater (E) Create mines (underwater bombs)(C) enemy ships
B-mines(P) to destroy surface ships & submarines(E) to destroy their (C) hamper enemy shipping movements or lock vessels into
C-Machine gun(P) Not carry guns around this made it easier (E) took up to work (C) to make war killing easier
D- trench warfare (P) protect soldiers from enemies (C) Caused both sides to use methods (E) not matched by similar advances -
Sinking Of The Lusitania
-The sinking of the Cunard Ocean liner RMS Lusitania occurred on Friday May 7, 1915 during the First World War, as Germany waged submarine warfare against the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland the British Royal Navy blockaded Germany -
Sussex Pledge
-Promise made in 1916 during WW1 by Germany to the U.S.
-The Sussex a French cross - channel passenger ferry torpedoed w/o warning on March 24, 1916 - about 50 lives were taken -
Zimmerman Telegram
-The Zimmerman telegram was an internal diplomatic communication issued from Germany foreign office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the event or the United States entering World War 1 Against Germany -
German Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
-Was first introduced in WW1 when Germany declared the area around the British isles a war zone, in which all merchant ships, including those from neutral countries would be attacked by the German navy which led to the U.S. into war
-Submarines sink vessels such as fighters and tankers w/o warning -
Espionage Act
-The act was designed to crush subversion and silence critics of the war. For those convicted of aiding the enemy obstructing military recruitment, protesting, conscription, or say or doing anything to impede the war fort
-The maximum fine was up to $810,000 and 20 years in Federal prison -
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American Expedition Force
-Nicknamed AEF
-Consisted of the U.S army sent to Europe under the command of general John J. Pershing in 1917 to help fight in WW1
-Total of 1.3 million soldiers arrived in France
-AEF fought in France alongside French and British forces against Germany forces in the last year of the war the men in the AEF army were nicknamed Dough boys because of the white belts they wore -
Fourteen Point Plan
-The fourteen point plan ideas were distributed world wide by the government writing George Creel in the American Committee on public information
-Millions of copies of booklets and pamphlets that explained Wilson's plans were distributed to allied nations and dropped from planes about Germany
-Allies agreed to accept the fourteen points as the basis for the country peace negotiations if Wilson would agree to two reservations -
Battle Of Argonne Forest
-The AEF assembled 600,000 soldiers +40,000 pieces of artillery
-A total of 1.2 million Americans were involved 117,000 were killed or wounded
-Fought through the hilly Terrain Shattered the German line
-Final Allied offensive of world war 1 that structured along the entire western front to help end the war -
Alvin York
-Lead an attack on a German Machine Gun Nest
-Was one of the most decorated soldier of the United States Army In WW1
-Received the Medal Of Honor
-He killed 25 Germans and captured 132 prisoners -
Supreme Court
-Issue: The first Amendment violated when congress makes a law that punishes options against the war
-Congress passed a law called the Esponage Act which said that during wartime obstructing the draft was crime
-The court ruled that there is limits to free speech. Free speech is not protected from falsely should "Fire" in a crowded theater and causing panic. The first Amendment did not protect words that create a " Clear And Present Danger " -
Treaty Of Versailles
-The treaty's terms was Germany to take the blame, Germany had to give up land to France, and 4 other countries, Germany had to pay for all the reparations, and the German Army was limited to 100,00 men. The League of Nations was created
-The U.S. saw this treaty as an unfair punishment, so Woodrow Wilson proposed 14 points
-The U.S. was offered to join the League but turned it down because of foreign affairs, so the U.S. went into isolation until Stock Market Crash -
Schenck Vs. U.S.
-Charles Schenck was convicted for distributions literature that encouraged men to resist the draft in WW1 Schenck claims 1st amendment was violated
-Court ruled there were limits to freedom of speech like " clear and present danger+shouting "fire" in a crowded movie theater which is not protected by the 1st amendment -
League Of Nations
-Intergovernmental organization as result of the Paris Peace Conference
-Purpose was to maintain world peace
-Weakness-lacked there own armed forces they depended on the great powers, but they were reluctant to help
-The league severely weakened when several major powers, such as the U.S. and Russia, failed to join it
-League proved incapable of preventing aggression by axis powers & countries started withdrawing from the league