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Plessy v. Ferguson
In 1896, the Supreme Court allowed segregation. They did this by introducing the doctrine of "separate but equal", in public education. However, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People disputed this ruling because of the racial segregation. This impacted African Americans in a variety of negative ways, which affected the resources they were given over white Americans. -
Brown v. the Board of Education, Topeka
"Separate, but Equal" prohibited African Americans from attending white schools, which were typically superior. Until Linda Brown, an African girl filed a lawsuit against the Board of Education of the City of Topeka, Kansas. Brown's family claimed that separate schools are violating equal protection, which is granted by the 14th Amendment and the Equal Protection Clause. This impacted African Americans in a positive manner because the court finally agreed that segregated schools are not equal. -
Gideon v. Wainwright
Under the Sixth Amendment, the case extended the right to counsel to impose requirements on the federal government. By imposing those same requirements to be mandatory for states as well. In 1963, the Supreme Court ruled that its mandatory for states provide an attorney to defendants in criminal cases. This impacted the lower economy because numerous citizens can't affordable legal aide. -
Title IX
In 1972, Federal Education Amendments signed a law, which secured Federal financial aid for education program and sports for both sexes. This prevented sex discrimination against athletes. This was a positive impact for women because they were finally funded fairly. -
Education for All Handicapped Children Act
In 1975, Congress enacted Education for All Handicapped Children Act for disabled children. The act granted children with physical or mental disabilities equal access to public education. This act was a second amendment of the Handicapped Act, which was enabled in 1966. This impacted disabled children in a positive manner by making public education more accessible for those who struggle with a type of disability. -
Plyler v. Doe
In 1982, the Supreme Court struck down on states denying educational duns to undocumented immigrant children studying in the states. Also, the school districts attempted to charge an annual $1, 000 tuition fee for each student to compensate for lost state funds. This would have left numerous poor students without education since only the rich would be able to afford to send their kids to school. However, the Supreme Court issued Plyler v. Doe, which secured free public education for everyone. -
Bethel School District #43 v. Fraser
In 1987, Matthew Fraser speaks out on a 15-year-old Supreme Court free-speech dilemma. Fraser was disciplined for making a vulgar speech at a school assembly. After, the Supreme Court ruled that school officials did not violate a student's free speech. This impacts every student because everyone is granted free-of-speech by the First Amendment. -
Santa Fe Independent School District v. Doe
In 2000, the Supreme Court ruled that student-led students are allowed to have an initial prayer. After Sante Fe Independent School District (SFISD) prevented prayers from a student-led meeting, the Supreme Court overruled the district's decision This impacted numerous religious students because they feel comfortable knowing they could publicly pray on campus.
