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The Revolution
-Focused on woman's rights & woman's suffrage
-Susan B Anthony & Elizabeth Cady Stanton bot were publisher and editor
-They established the revolution during a period when a split was developing within the woman's right movement
-Together they provided leadership for ending slavery in the US in 1865
-Woman's rights movement had greatly reduced its act. during civil war -
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populist party ( people's party )
-The purpose of the people's party was to increase in the $ supply to help for farmers & workers
-It was mainly towards struggling farmers & desperate laborers
-The moment is associated w/ Granger ( the farmers moment )
-The populist program eventually became the platform of the demo. party & kept alive the concept that the gov. is responsible for reforming social injustices
-James B. Weaver was the populist candidate for the pres. that yr he pulled over 1,041,000 -
Women's Christian Temperance Union
-The purpose of WCTU was to combat the influence of alcohol on families & society
-Frances Willard became president of the WCTU and tuned to organizing political means in addition to moral persuasion to achieve total abstinence
-The issue was seen in society as moral, issue to create prohibition through the nation -
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Harsh Working Conditions
-Children as young as 6 yrs old worked hard hours for little or no pay
-Women mostly found jobs in domestic service textile factories & spice work shops
-Children sometimes worked up to 19 hours w/ one break
-Women were paid less than half & children a Third of what men make
-Worked in dangerous locations
-If one was hurt head or arm cut off -
Assassination of president James Garfield
-Shot came from 44 British bulldogs which the assassin Charles J. Guiteau, had purchased specifically because he thought it would look impressive in a museum
-He had killed Garfield because of the pres. refusal to appoint him to European consulship
-The assassin was known around Washington as a emotionally disturbed man
-He was convinced that is a god's work -
Pendleton Act of 1883
-Provided the federal gov. jobs awarded on the basis of merit and be selected through competitive exams
-In 1881 a mentally unstable man assassinated James A. Garfield in protest against not obtaining a gov. job
-The public's reaction caused president Arthur to introduce this law
-Patronage system: practice where after winning an election, gives gov. jobs to its supporters/friends
-Merit system: process of promoting & hiring gov. employees based on their ability to perform a job -
Inter State Commerce Act
-United state federal law that was designed to regulate the RR industry particularly is monopolistic practices
- First law to regulate private industry in the US
-The power of the acts is to the RR rate be " reasonable and just"
-Interstate commerce commission ( ICC ) exposed the religion and investigate allegations of deception & discrimination -
Sherman Anti-trust Act
-Was the first fed. act that outlawed monopolistic business practices
-The Sherman anti-trust act of 1890 was the first measured passed by the US congress to prohibit trust
-Trust: arrangement stockholders & transferred their people
-Rockefeller was the standard oil & felt pressure from the gov. simply reorganizing into single corporation
-Eventually the gov. stopped trying to enforced the Sherman act and consolidation of business continued -
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The progressive Era
-The progressive era was a time of social and political reforms during which corruption and social differences were exposed, many changes were made to american society
-Progressive era was a time of reform such as the initiative and referendum ( vote ) -
Red Record
-Ida B. Wells
-Wells passion was telling the country of the awful happening in the south lynchings because she lost several friends
-Effect was to raise awareness and option of the southern region on how African Americans were being treated -
Plessy Vs Fergunson
-Law case of the US supreme Ct it upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of " separate but equal"
-" Separate but equal" did not violate the 14th amendment to the US constitution in 1868 which guaranteed equal protection under the law to all citizens
-The expression most often refers to the legally or socially enforced separation of African american from other races, but also applies the general discrimination against ppl of color by white communities -
Discovery Gold of the Klondike region
-The Klondike gold rush was an event of migration by an estimated 100,00 people prospecting to the Klondike region of North-Western Canada only 30,000 actually made it to the Klondike
-Gold was discovered in many rich deposits along the Klondike river
-Newspapers created a hysteria that was nation-wide and many people quit their jobs & then left for the Klondike to become gold-diggers
-Many did not find gold many made money off the hardware store selling to the prospectors -
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Muckraker Journalism
-Muckraker journalism was one magazine journalist who exposed the corrupt side of business & public life in the early 1900's
-Journalists described immigrant ghettos and the poor living conditions of tenement housing
-Muckraker condemned exploitation of child labor & white slave traffic in women
-They exposed Rockefeller oil industry & his monopolist ways
-Authors like Upton Sinclair exposed the meat packing industry which led to the meat packing act & pure good & drug act -
The jungle
-Written by muckraking journalists Upton Sinclair
-Focus was the human condition in the stockyards of Chicago & to exploit the labor of men & women for profit
-Magnified the sickening conditions of the packing industry
-As result of making the public aware of the filthy & dangerous conditions, each local gov. passed its own set of health codes as well as the meat inspection act & the pure food & drug act -
Pure Food & Drug Act
-Prevented the manufacture or sale of gross, misbranded or poisonous food drugs, or medicine
-Was the first many consumer protection acts
-Law required labeling of any drugs that are addictive including alcohol, morphine, opium and cannabis
-Caused coca-cola to replace the cocaine in their product with caffeine
-Muckraking journalists brought these crimes to the public eye -
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Social Gospel
-Settlement houses like the hull house w/ Jane Addams & religious groups helped start the "social gospel movement "
-They believed that churches had a duty to solve society's problems & preached salvation through service to the poor
-They were criticized by others, believed the social gospel movement, because they did not believe their reforms could help
-The progressive Era, inspired even more reforms acts. for example the ( YMCA ) & the inspiration of ( WCTU ). -
NAACP
-National association for the advancement of colored ppl
-An organization founded in 1909 to promote full racial equality
-Had over 6,00 members by 1914
-Established by Web Du -
16th Amendment
-Allows the congress to levy an income tax on the people
-Its biggest effect was it shifted the balance of power toward the federal gov. and away from the states
-Progressive: favoring or advocating progress and change
-Revenue - collective items of income of a person, state, etc.
-Tariff - tax or duty to be paid. -
17th Amendment
-The senate of then US shall be composed of 2 senators from each state, elected by the people there of, for 6 yrs and each senator shall have 1 vote
-It changed the theory about who senators represented, shifting the focus from state govs. to the residents of states
-Direct elections: system of choosing political office holders in which the voters directly cast ballots for the person -
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Bull Moose Party
-The founder of the Bull Moose Party was Theodore Roosevelt
-He was defeated in the republic primaries & broke off
-The party advocated women suffrage, worker men comp, an 8 hr workday, a min. wage for women , federal law against child labor & federal trade -
Federal Reserve Act
-Caused by the nations to strengthen how banks were run & quickly adjust amount of money in circulation & have enough money supply to keep up w/ the econ.
-Gave 12 federal reserve banks the ability to print money in order to ensure economics stability
-Helped created the federal reserve system & centralized banking known as "bankers bank"
-Made the value of the US dollars stronger by influencing the economy -
18th Amendment ( cont. )
-Speakeasy: illicit establishment that sells alcoholic beverages
-Flapper: generation of young western women in 1920s who wore short skirts, bobbed their hair, listened to jazz, and flaunted their unacceptable behavior -
18th Amendment
-Caused by widespread belief that consumption of alcohol was deteriorating Americans health & causing criminal acts.
-Established the prohibition of alcohol beverages in the US by declaring the production, transport, & sale of alcohol illegal
-Instead of reducing crime, it created massive organized crime movements & corrupted public officials who took bribes
-Temperance: restraint & moderation from drinking
-Prohibition: nationwide ban of alcohol -
19th Amendment
-Women wanted equality
-Granted women the right to vote - a right known as suffrage
-Helped women move closer to equality in all aspects of american life
-Women advocated for jobs, fair wages, education, sex education, and birth control