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Fort Sumter
April 12, 1861-April 14, 1861
When Lincoln took office in March he was bombarded by confederates demanding for Evacuation of Fort Sumter, but he had two choices, attempt to resupply the starving people in the fort or back away and do what the south told him. When they refused to evacuate the confederates opened fire at 4:30 am. After 34 hours of shelling Anderson (union general) was forced to surrender. The Confederates had won and had started a civil war. -
Period: to
Civil War
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First Bull Run
July 21, 1861-July 22, 1861
McDowell's union forces struck first and in only 2 hours 10,000 federals managed to push back 4,500 rebels across the warring turnpike, while the union thought they had won the confederated started to rally up more troops an repeatedly attacked the union. By four o'clock in the afternoon both sides had the same number of solders and when the confederated advanced they started screaming, this would later be referred to as the rebel yell. The confederates had won. -
Peninsula Campaign
November 1, 1861- March 11, 1862
Winning side- Benefited Confederates most
Military Outcome- ended the Seven Days' Battles
The Peninsula Campaign was a very ambitious Union operation led by George B. McClellan. During this, the campaign had ended the Seven Day’s Battles. McClellan had retreated in the end of the Seven Days’ Battles. This news spread and allowed the Confederate general to take over in Virginia, which made an attack on Washington more likely to happen. -
Hampton Roads
March 9, 1862
This battle was a part of a Confederate effort to break the Union blockade of southern ports. At 8:00 am on March 9th the Virginia opened fire on the Minnesota and the Monitor (Yankee Cheese Box on Wheels) appeared. At 12:30 Pm the battle ended because the monitor has low ammo and a leak in the bow. This battle was indecisive. This revolutionized naval battles and it raised morale on both sides -
Shiloh
April 6, 1862- April 7, 1862
Winning Side: Union
Military Outcome: Both aides were immobilized for three weeks because of almost 10,000 casualties on each side.
The Union troops were planning an offensive at the forts, and they didn’t have their camps fortified. General Johnston then attacked Grant before reinforcements could get to them and help. Both troops fighting in the woods were very inexperienced. When the battle ended both sides claimed victory but overall the Union had won. -
Second Bull Run
August 28, 1862- August 30, 1862
Winning side- Confederates
Political Outcome-The North was full of misery when the news about the battle’s outcomes came, and the spirit in the army sank. Everyone made accusations to multiple people about the defeat.
Jackson has his troops stike at near John Pope. The Pope was going to fight back when McClellan argued that they were needed to guard Washington. The next night, Pope incorrectly took their adjustments as a departure and the Union celebrated and be -
Antietam
September 17, 1862-September 18, 1862
Confederates advanced into Maryland thinking that his divided his outnumbered force. They would have won if they hadn't have lost a copy of the plan and union commander General George B. McClellan wouldn’t have got it. The battle ended when lee withdrew suffering from 10,318 casualties. This battle provided the Lincoln administration enough justification to issue the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. The union was victorious in the end. -
Fredericksburg
December 13 1862-December 13 1862
General Burnside (union) ordered his left wing to attack General Lee's (Confederate) right. Longstreet (confederate side) and his artillery started to mow down ranking of attacking Union soldiers from their high ground positions. When darkness fell there was no change in positions and the union suffered from 13, 000 casualties and the south only about 5,000 casualties. Confederates won this battle and it gave them and their military hope for winning the war. -
Chancellorsville
April 30, 1863-May 6, 1863
This battle is considered to be Confederate General E. Lee's greatest victory. Lee faced a union army almost twice the size of his, but with his daring idea to split his troops in two and confront the union troops and surprise General Joseph Hooker. This happened twice and the second time General Hooker had to retreat across the Rappahannock River. Lee started out with only about 60,000 men while Hooker had 80,000 men. This battle leads Lee to Gettysburg. -
Vicksburg
May 18, 1863 – July 4, 1863
Winning Side- Union -
Gettysburg
July 1, 1863- July 3, 1863
On July 1 both union and confederate troops moved advanced towards Gettysburg to get supplies. Union troops got there a day earlier so they claimed that land and started to fight. July 2 Federals were able to hold little round top but lost the peach orchard, and July 3rd union forces opened fire from behind stone walls and the union won. The war had turned tables now the north had the better battle winning advantage -
Chickamauga
September 19, 1863-November 1863
Union and Confederate forces met in the early morning on September 19th. On the first day Braxton's forces repeatedly attacked the unions left and on the 20th around 11:30 in the morning the confederates attacked again and were able to send the union retreating north. Even though the confederates seemed to have the better vote to win this battle the union came out victorious. -
Gettysburg Address
November 19, 1863
President Lincoln gave a speech in just 272 words about why the Union should stay and win the Civil war. Lincoln gave this speech in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania at the dedication of a military cemetery. It only took about 2-3 minutes while Edward Everett's speech took 2 hours -
Wilderness
May 5, 1864- May 8, 1864
Winning side- Confederates
Military outcome- Grant refused to retreat but both sides suffered from thousands of casualties.
On the first day men on both sides kept walking into enemy camps and were captured, and they would start fires by exploding shells and would kill many of the wounded. By the time they had gotten to the third day, they hadn’t made any progress. The Union suffered from over 17,500 casualties in just two days, but Grant still refused to surrender. -
Spotsylvania
May 8, 1864– May 21, 1864
Winning side- Confederates
Military Outcome- almost 32,000 total casualties
The first twelve days were considered the bloodiest fighting because the Union had about 18,000 casualties and the Confederates had about 11,000 casualties. -
Petersburg Campaign
June 9, 1864- April 9, 1864
Winning side: Union
Military Outcome: The Confederates’ railroads broke and their solders were ill-fed and eventually had to evacuate
Petersburg was an important rail center. Both sides were constructing there and it caused a series of battles during that summer. The Union had many losses but in the end they caught Fort Harrison. Then the southern railroads started to break and the soldiers were ill-fed. Lee then surrendered to Grant at the Appomattox Court House. -
Mobile Bay
August 5, 1864-August 23, 1864
Winning Side- Union
Military outcome- Confederacy needs to rebuild forces
Farragut’s team entered Mobile Bay on August 5. When they sailed into Mobile Bay they fought Tennessee for two hours. Tennessee had surrendered and Mobile Bay then belonged to the Union. -
Sherman's March
September 2, 1864 - December 21, 1864
Winning side- Union
Military Outcome- 3100 casualties from both sides
The Confederate army first lost at Atlanta and they then went into Tennessee and Alabama to attack Union supplies. In December, Sherman’s troops arrived in Savannah and it was unguarded. His troops then went through South Carolina and the Confederacy surrendered. -
Appomattox
This was the last battle of the Civil War. The Battle of Appomattox ended with the surrender of General Robert E. Lee in the front parlor of Wilmer McLean's home in Virginia. Lee hoped to escape the remnants of his Northern Virginia army and meet up with the rest of the army in North Carolina and resume fighting there. Lee's plan failed when the union forces cut off his final retreat. This helped establish some of the major civil war historical monument buildings. So the Union finally won. -
Lincoln's Assassination
April 14, 1865- April 15, 1865
Assassinator- John Wikes Booth
Why- Booth wanted to save the Confederacy because the Confederate armies across the South were near collapse.
John had known that Lincoln was going to attend a performance at Ford's Theater on April 14th. John slipped into Lincoln's private box in the theater and shot him in the back of the head. Lincoln was officially pronounced dead the next morning.
