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Presidential Election of Abraham Lincoln
- He was a politician and lawyer of the United States.
- In the presidential elections from the 6 of november of 1860 he was elected as the sixteenth president of the United States as part of the Republican Party.
- Invested on March 4, 1861 until April 15, 1865.
- Vice President: Hannibal Hamlin.
- He led the united states during the secession war while preserving the union, abolished slavery, strenghtened the federal goverment and modernized the economy.
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South Carolina secedes from the United States
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Seceded States Reunion - (Confederacy)
- Southern states that had seceded assemble delegates at Montgomery (Alabama) to organize the Confederate States of America.
- The delegate drafted a Confederate Constitution and established a provisional government.
Jefferson Davis was elected has president of the confederate states.
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Confederate States of America declare their Secession.
- Date: between January and February of 1861
- States: Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas secede from the United States.
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Abraham Lincoln's Presidency
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Blockade of Confederate ports - (Union)
- Abraham Lincoln orders a blockade of all confederate ports designed to prevent the export of cotton and the smuggling of war material into the Confederacy.
- The Confederacy economy would also be affected since the exportation of cotton would be affected.
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Fort Sumter Battle (Civil War begins) - Confederacy
- The battle was the bombardment of Fort Sumter, South Carolina by the Confederate Forces.
- In less than two days later, the fort of the United States Army surrendered. No one was killed.
- The event that formally initiated the American civil war.
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Richmond: New Confederacy Capitol
- Richmond Virginia becomes the capitol of the Confederacy.
- Richmond was the Confederacy's second largest and most industrialized city.
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First Battle of Bull Run (Confederacy)
The battle was fought on Prince William County, Virginia.
The Union troops were led by Irving McDowell.
The Confederacy troops were led by Joseph E. Johnston
P. G. T. Beauregard. Reinforces came for both forces, but the brigade of Virginians led by Thomas J. Jackson ( "stonewall" )stood its ground. The battle was a Confederate victory and was followed by a disorganized post-battle retreat of the Union forces. -
Lexington falls to Confederacy.
Lexington, Missouri falls to Confederate forces under Sterling Price. -
Jefferson Davis is elected as president of the Confederacy
- Jefferson Davis was inaugurated as the first and only president of the Confederate States of America after the South seceded.
- The ceremony was held at Montgomery, the first Confederate capital, on February 18, 1861.
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United States Land Teathers
- Easter Theather
- Western Theather
- Trans-Missisipi
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Battle of Fort Henry, Tenesee - (Union)
- The Battle ccurred as part of a Union plan to open a water route into the Confederate heartland by capturing Forts Henry and Donelson by the union commander Ulysses S. Grant
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Unions Commanding General: Ulysses S. Grant
- Ulysses S. Grant served as commanding general of the United States from 1862 until 1869 when elected as the 18th president of U.S (1869-1877).
- Was an American military officer, politician
As commanding general, Grant led the Union Army to victory in the American Civil War in 1865. - Grant signed a bill to create the Justice Department and worked with Radical Republicans to protect African Americans during Reconstruction.
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The Union's Peninsula Campaign begins
- The Peninsula Campaign was a major Union operation launched in southeastern Virginia, the first large-scale offensive in the Eastern Theater.
- The purpose was to advance on and capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia, via the Virginia Peninsula situated between the James and York rivers.
Initiated by Union Major General George B. McClellan. -
Robert E. Lee is appointed as General of the Confederate Troops
Robert E. Lee was an proffesional american general known for commanding the Confederate Army of Southern Virginia during the Civil War from 1862 until its surrender in 1865. Lee took command of the Army in June 1862 during the Peninsula Campaign following the wounding of Joseph E. Johnston. -
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Seven Days Battle (Confederacy)
- Leaders: General Lee's army attacks the US Army of the Potomac under General George McClellan in a succession of battles.
- Date and Duration: began at Mechanicsville on June 26 and ended at the battle of Malvern Hill on July 1.
- Location: Middles peninsula of Virginia.
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Trans-Missisipi department splits from the Confederate States.
- In July 1863, the Trans-Mississippi Department of the Confederate States of America was split from the Confederate States east of the river when the Union gained control of the entire Mississippi River.
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Lincoln's Confiscation Act of 1862
Abraham Lincoln approves the confiscation act of 1862 expanding the terms of the 1862 Confiscation Act.- Allows broader seizure of Confederate property.
- Emancipation of enslaved people in Federally occupied territory.
- Prohibits the return of fugitive slaves.
It stated that any Confederate official, military or civilian, who did not surrender within 60 days of the act's passage would have their slaves freed in criminal proceedings.
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Battle of Antietam - (Union)
- Leaders: Confederate General Robert E. Lee's (Army of Northern Virginia) vs Union Major General George B. McClellan's (Army of the Potomac).
- Location: Sharpsburg, Maryland, and Antietam Creek.
A technical tie ocurred: the Union Army suffered heavier casualties than the Confederates but the battle resulted in the Union's favor.
- It's known as the bloodiest day in American history. 20.000+ dead troops and 30.000 wounded.
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Battle of Fredericksburg, Virginia - (Confederacy)
The combat, between the Union Army of the Potomac commanded by Major Gen. Ambrose Burnside
and the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia under Gen. Robert E. Lee.- Attacks were by the Union army against entrenched Confederate defenders along the Sunken Wall on the heights behind the city.
- On December 15, Burnside withdrew his army, ending another failed Union campaign in the Eastern Theater.
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The Emmancipation Proclamation
President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863.
- The proclamation declared:"that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free."
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Trans-Missisipi Department
The Trans-Mississippi Department was a geographical subdivision of the Confederate States Army comprising Arkansas, Missouri, Texas, western Louisiana, Arizona Territory and the Indian Territory.- It was the last military department to surrender to United States forces in 1865.
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Union's Great Year Begins
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Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia - (Confederacy)
- The battle lasted from April 30 to May 6.
- Location: Spotsylvania County, Virginia
- Leaders: Joseph Hooker vs Confederate Robert E. Lee.
- This battle was considered Gen. Robert Lee's perfect victory by taking the decision to divide his army in the presence of a much larger enemy force and resulting in a Confederate victory.
- This victory enabled General Lee to move north into Maryland and invade Pennsylvania.
- Thomas "stonewall" Jackson was mortally injured, dying days later.
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Siege of Vicksburg - (Union)
- Union Major General Ulysses S. Grant and his Army of the Tennessee crossed the Mississippi River and drove the Confederate Army of Mississippi, into the defensive lines surrounding the fortress city of Vicksburg, Mississippi.
- Vicksburg surrendered on July 4 of 1863. (1 day after the battle of Gettysburg).
After such victory the Union's plan and stragety continued since the blockade of ports was starting to take effect on the confederate's economy.
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Gettysburg Battle - (Union)
Commanders: Gen. Robert E. Lee vs George E. Meade (Union)
Location: Town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania
Duration: July 1-3 of 1863.- Gettysburg resulted in the Unions victory agaisnt Robert E. Lee’s ambitious quest to invade the North, and therefore decreasing confederate hopes to win the civil war.
- Estimated total casualties: 51,112
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The Union takes the Missisipi River - (Vicksburg Battle)
- Vicksburg Battle lasted from May 18 to Jul 4, 1863, in the Warren County of MS.
- Commanders: Ulysses S. Grant (Union) vs John C. Pemberton (Confederate).
- Vicksburg's strategic location on the Mississippi River made it a critical win for both the Union and the Confederacy.
- The Confederate surrendered and the Union took control of the Mississippi River.
- This caused the south to divide: the Trans-Mississippi Department was split from the Confederate States east of the river.
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Petersburg Campaign - (Union)
Date: From June 9 of 1864 till march 25 of 1865.
Info: It was a series of battles around Petersburg, Virginia.- Gen. Ulysses S. Grant (union) assaulted Petersburg in a trench warfare.
- Grant constructed trench lines that eventually extended over 30 miles from the eastern outskirts of Richmond, Virginia, to around the eastern and southern outskirts of Petersburg.
- Lee yielded to the pressure, abandoning both cities in April 1865 and surrendering officially at Appomattox Court House.
- Gen. Ulysses S. Grant (union) assaulted Petersburg in a trench warfare.
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Gatlin Guns used
- In 1862, Richard Jordan Gatling invented a multi-barreled, rotating gun operated by a hand crank that could fire up to 200 rounds a minute.
Union commanders bought 12 guns that were used in the trenches during the Siege of Petersburg, Virginia (June 1864—April 1865).
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Unions Troops gain Atlanta
- Context: Atlanta was the largest industrial, logistical, and administrative center outside of Richmond; the major ammunition center for the south.
- Union leader William T. Sherman forced the Confederate army of John Bell Hood out of Atlanta, Georgia on September 1, 1864.
- This capture was the outcome of the Atlanta Campaign (May 7 - Sep 2 of 1864), and opened the door for Gen. William T. Sherman’s most famous operation—the March to the Sea and the capture of Savannah.
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Sherman captures Savannah, Georgia - (Union)
- Savannah falls to William T. Sherman’s army without resistance.
- Later he gives the city to Lincoln as a Christmas present.
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Five Forks Battle - (Union)
- Date: April 1 of 1865
- Location: Dinwiddie County, Virginia
- Context: Union forces captured the intersection of Five Forks, cutting Lee’s final supply line.
- The incident initiated General Lee's decision to abandon the Petersburg-Richmond siege lines.
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Confederate Robert E. Lee Surrenders in Appomatox
- Unions Victory after the battle at Fort Stedman.
" The most significant surrender of the Civil War" - Gen. Robert E. Lee’s was trapped by the Federals near Appomattox Court House.
- Lee surrendered to Ulysses S. Grant on April 9, 1865, bringing the war in Virginia to an end.
- Unions Victory after the battle at Fort Stedman.
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Lincoln is assasinated
- Fact: First U.S. president to be assassinated.
Abraham Lincoln, (16th president of the United States) was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth while attending the play of "Our American Cousin" at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C.
- Lincoln was shot in the head as he watched the play, dying the mornings next day, as part of a larger conspiracy intended by John Booth along with Lewis Powell and David Herold to revive the Confederate cause.
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Last Confederate surrenders to Union victory.
- Stand Watie (1806-1871) the last confederate general that continued the war agaisnt the union surrendered to the union forces.
Date: on June 23 of 1865. - Stand Watie was a brigadier general, a Cherokee politician who served as the second principal chief of the Cherokee Nation from 1862 to 1866.
- Stand Watie (1806-1871) the last confederate general that continued the war agaisnt the union surrendered to the union forces.