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Antebellum Period
Even though there was no actual specific time of when the Antebellum started, the estimate is around the beginning of the 1800's. Antebellum means "Before War" -
Andrew Jackson became president
Jackson embraced the term "laissez-faire" as the policy to most economic equality and political liberty, which has a connection to the Civil War, since that was faught over ending slavery, and letting things take their course, for everyone to have the advantage to think for themselves -
William Preston
Preston served as a lieutenant colonel of the 4th Kentucky Volunteers in the Mexican American War, and later on became a member of the Kentucky House of Representatives, he served as a part of the State senate, and got appointed by President James Buchanan as ambassador to Spain; he later on resigned in 1861 as ambassador from the outbreak of the Civil War. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act "An Act to Organize the Territories of Nebraska and Kansas"
Canidates of the Kansas-Nebraska Act helped the finding of the Republican Party, which opposed the spread of slavery into the territories. Antislavery supporters were outraged because, under the terms of the Missouri Compromise of 1820, slavery would have been outlawed in both territories. As a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the United States moved closer to the Civil War. -
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Dred Scott, a slave owned by a Dr. Emerson, was taken from Missouri to a free state, but then back to Missouri again.
Scott sued, claiming that his residence in a free territory granted him freedom. In a 7-2 vote, the Supreme Court decided that Congress did not have the power to prohibit slavery in the territories. Furthermore, the Court went on to declare that blacks were not citizens of the United States and could not become citizens, and therefore they could not sue in a court. -
Election of 1860
Abraham Lincoln of Illinois, Republican Party: 39.8%
Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois, Northern Democratic Party: 29.5%
John C. Breckenridge of Kentucky, Southern Democratic Party: 18.1%
John Bell of Tennessee, Constitutional Union Party: 12.6% -
Lincoln Became President
Abraham Lincoln, got elected president.
Lincoln is one of America's greatest president of all time; he guided us to winning the Civil way, and ended slavery in many states -
"The Slave States"
The states that were involved in the Civil War that had not yet declared secession were Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Arkansas, North Carolina, Tennessee, and Virginia -
Battle of Fort Sumter; The Civil War begins
General Beauregard, commander of the Confederate forces opened fire on the Union base holding Fort Sumter.
Messangers summoned Anderson; he shook hands with the messangers and said, "If we do not meet again in this world, I hope we may meet in the better one."
At 4:30 A.M. on April 12, 1861, 43 Confederate guns in a ring around Fort Sumter began the attack that initiated the bloodiest war in American history. After the first attack, no effort was made to return the fire for more than 2 hours. -
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Civil War
This is the period where the Civil War officially started, to when Lee surrendered -
Robert E. Lee
Lincoln offered Lee commander of the Federal forces, but Lee declined, arguing that he could not fight against his own people. Instead, he accepted as general’s commission in the newly formed Confederate Army.
On April 9, 1865, Lee was forced to surrender his weak and depleted army to Grant at Appomattox Court House, effectively ending the Civil War. Lee returned home on parole and eventually became the president of Washington College in Virginia, and remained in that posistion until his death. -
General Ulysses S. Grant
Grant took Fort Donelson in Tennessee, which was the first Union victory of strategic importance, and he was able to get the Confederals to surrender. His primary goal was to destroy General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. In 1865, he defeated General Lee and finally, Lee surrendered. After the Civil War, Grant served as the Secretary of War from August 12, 1867 to January 14, 1868. -
Battle of Gettysburg
Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee concentrated his army around Gettysburg, Pennsylvania; On July 1, Confederates drove Union defenders through Gettysburg to Cemetery Hill. During the afternoon on July 3rd, after a primal artillery bombardment, Lee attacked the Union center on Cemetery Ridge.
On July 4, Lee began withdrawing his army toward Williamsport on the Potomac River. His train of wounded stretched more than fourteen miles. -
Battle of the Crater
After weeks of preparation, the Federals exploded a mine in Burnside’s IX Corps sector beneath Pegram’s Salient, blowing a gap in the Confederate defenses of Petersburg.
The Confederates quickly recovered and launched several counterattacks led by Maj. Gen. William Mahone. The explosion immediately killed 278 Confederate soldiers, and stunned Confederate troops did not direct any significant fire at the enemy for at least 15 minutes. -
General William T. Sherman
Sherman become convinced that preservation of the Union was unpredictable, not only on defeating the Southern armies, but more importantly, on destroying the Confederacy's material to wage war. To achieve that goal, he launched a campaign that was defined as “modern warfare”, and brought “total destruction" upon the civilian population. The success of this campaign helped Lincoln win reelection. He went on to defeat the forces of Johnston in North Carolina during the Battle of Bentonville. -
Battle and surrender at Appomattox Court House
Remains of John Gordon’s corps and Lee's cavalry formed a line of battle at Appomattox Court House. General Lee, determined to make one last attempt to escape the closing Union pincers and reach his supplies at Lynchburg.
The arrival of Union infantry, however, stopped the advance in its tracks. Lee’s army was now surrounded on three sides. Lee surrendered to Grant on April 9. This was the final engagement of the war in Virginia; thus ending the Civil War and established the Reconstruction Era. -
Bloodiest battles of the Civil War
Gettysburg--51,000 casualties
Chickamauga--34,624 casualties
Spotsylvania--30,000 casualties
The Wilderness--29,800 casualties
Chancellorsville--24,000 casualties
Shiloh--23,746 casualties
Stones River--23,515 casualties
Antietam--22,717 casualties
Second Manassas--22,180 casualties
Vicksburg--19,233 casualties -
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Reconstruction Era
This is the post of the Civil War, where Lincoln and Johnson are both trying, and hoping for everyone to recover from the Civil War. The outcome of the war depended the nation's ability to bring back to reality the ideas of liberty, equality, human dignity, and justice. African Americans at last cherished hopes for full equality. -
Assisination of Abraham Linkin
The president that lead us during the Civil War, was assisinated after the Civil War ended. -
Andrew Johnson
Following Lincoln’s assassination, Andrew Johnson became president and introduced the period of Presidential Reconstruction. Johnson offered a pardon to all Southern whites except Confederate leaders, restoring their political rights and all property. He went on with the black codes; laws that required African Americans to sign yearly labour contracts and in other ways sought to limit the freedmen’s economic options. African Americans undermined Northern support for Johnson's policies. -
Civil War Deaths VS. other American wars
Approximately 1,264,000 American soldiers have died in the nation's wars; 620,000 in the Civil War,and 644,000 in all other conflicts. It was only as recently as the Vietnam War that the amount of American deaths in foreign wars shadowed the number who died in the Civil War. -
Union and Confederate Deaths
Number of Union soldiers killed during the Civil War: 360,000
Number of Confederate soldiers killed during the Civil War: 258,000
Total number of men killed during the Civil War: Around 618,000 -
Post Civil War: Florida
Before the Civil War, Florida had been on its way to becoming another of the southern cotton states. Afterward, the lives of many residents changed. The ports of Jacksonville and Pensacola developed due to the demand for lumber and forest products to rebuild the nation's cities. Those who had been slaves were declared free. Plantation owners tried to regain pre-war levels of production by hiring former slaves to raise and pick cotton. However, that didn't go as planned.
