-
French and Indian War
The French and Indian War lasted from 1754 to 1763. The French and the British fought over the territory of the Ohio River Valley. During the early victories over the war the French were dominating the British and appeared to be winning. But it all changed when William Pitt gave an input of his ideas. He put James Wolfe as a commanding general in the war, and he helped win the war by successfully attacking Quebec. A very negative effect was the war debt that made many conflicts for Britain. -
Treay of Paris
The Treaty of Paris was a document that the French and British signed that ended the French and Indian War. It was signed in 1763A positive outcome for the British was how they gained almost all of the French’s land in North America. But for the French they were in shame because of their lost, and they fled North America holding revenge. -
Pontiac's War
Pontiac’s war was from 1763 to 1766. It was that the Native Americans didn’t want the British to keep stealing their land. So the Natives rebelled by taking over 9 out of the 11 forts in the Ohio valley. It was named Pontiac’s War because Pontiac was one of the commanding generals of the Native Americans. It affected the colonies because the natives were destroying their settlements. -
Proclamation of 1763
The Proclamation of 1763 closed off the frontier from colonial expansion. It said that the land west of the Appalachian Mountains were off-limits to the colonists. The purpose was to make sure the colonist wouldn’t be able to steal the Native's land so there wouldn't be any other wars. The British didn’t want any other wars because they were in a massive war debt. The colonist didn’t listen to the proclamation and just kept going over the boundaries and the lead to issues with Native Americans. -
The Sugar Act
The Sugar Act was a way for the British to raise money to pay off their war debt. The sugar act made it so the British had to pay a few extra cents on their sugar. They passed it because they thought it would help them get out of their war debt. The colonist thought that this was unfair and they protest held boycotts. -
The Stamp Act
The Stamp Act made it so that newspaper and legal documents were taxed. It was another way the British thought they could raise money to pay off their war debt. The colonist didn’t not like this, they wrote petitions, protested, and most of all boycotted. The Stamp Act had a congress that helped them rebel and the Sugar Act ruined various business because they had to also pay for the soldiers. Because they boycotted a lot of people lost business so they stopped. -
The Quartering Act
In 1765, Parliament passed the Quartering Act. It stated that British troops in America would be housed in public colonial houses. Owners would be required to provide soldiers with food and bedding. They passed this law so they wouldn’t have to pay to give the soldiers their own houses. The colonist stopped paying for the soldiers because they didn’t believe it was right for them to have to. -
The Stamp Act Congress #1
It would be held because the colonist wanted to put words behind their actions. Key leaders were James Otis, Timothy Ruggles, and John Cotton. James Otis was the one who formed the meeting. Timothy Ruggles served as the congress’ president, while John Cotton served as the secretary of the congress. Nine colonies represented the congress. The other four included Georgia, North Carolina, New Hampshire, and Virginia. -
Stamp Act Congress #2
The Stamp Act Congress made a Declaration of Rights and Grievances. It stated, only the colonial assemblies had a right to tax the colonies, trial by jury was a right, colonists possessed all the Rights of Englishmen, and without the rights of voting, Parliament could not represent the colonists. -
The Townshend Acts #1
The Townshend Act was named after Charles Townshend; he was Chancellor of the Exchequer. The purpose of the act was to raise money among the colonies. It also promoted the compliance of the 1765 Quartering Act and established the right of the British Parliament to tax colonies. The laws taxed imports such as glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea. colonist protested, they stopped buying anything that came from Britain. -
The Townshend Acts #2
The colonist protested they stopped buying anything that came from Britain. That hurt Britain’s economy so they were forced to uplift all of the taxes except tea. They didn’t want to lift the taxes on everything because then the colonist would feel like they had power over Britain. -
The Boston Massacre #2
On March 5, 1770 the soldiers, led by Captain Thomas Preston, were met by a giant furious crowd of civilians. Later, Captain Preston said “Don’t Fire!” but the soldiers didn’t hear him in all the commotion and they shot 3 three men down and two who died later. I don’t know if it is fair to call it the Boston Massacre because the civilians were taunting and fighting them, but on the other hand they killed 5 men. -
The Boston Massacre #3
John Adams was defending Captain Preston and all 8 soldiers put on trial. He represented them because he strongly believed that all men were entitled to a fair trial and that they deserved equal justice. The famous painting of the Boston Massacre was made by Paul Revere. -
The Boston Massacre #1
The Townshend Acts led to the Boston Massacre because of the additional taxes on common products imported into the colonies. On October 1, 1768- British troops started to arrive in Boston. The civilians reacted as if the redcoats were invaders. They taunted them through name calling, spitting, and fighting. The civilians gained power over the soldiers through the next eighteen months they would be there. -
The Tea Act
The tea act was designed to save the East India Company from bankruptcy by lowering the tea tax it paid the British government. The lowered taxes in Britain allowed it to sell tea more cheaply in the colonies. A monopoly is the exclusive possession or control of the supply of trade in a commodity or service. -
The Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party was an organization formed by the colonist because they disliked how The East India Company had a monopoly over the tea trade. When tea was imported into the harbor they broke into 342 chest of tea, then poured 24,000,000 cups of tea over board the ship. The group that dumped the tea was called The Son's of Liberty and the Caucus Pro Bono Publico, they dressed up as Mohawk Indians before boarding the ship. The British reacted to all of this by closing down Boston’s ports. -
The Intolerable Acts #1
The Intolerable Acts were passed to punish the colonist because of the Boston Tea Party. There were five major laws that were involved in the act; The Boston Port Bill, The Quartering Act, The Administration of Justice Act, Massachusetts Government Act, and The Quebec Act. It made it so they had to house soldiers and the soldiers couldn’t be tried anymore for their wrong doings. -
The Intolerable Acts #2
Also it closed out the Boston harbor and it extended the Canadian boarders so that it cut off the western colonies of Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Virginia. -
The First Continental Congress
Twelve of the thirteen colonies were represented; Georgia did not take part in this. There were 56 delegates. The held these meeting to help vocalize their opposition to the taxes. They agreed to boycott British goods and to keep meeting if Great Britain didn’t change its policies. Samuel and John Adams represented Massachusetts and George Washington and Patrick Henry represented Virginia. -
Lexington and Concord #1
The British were heading to Concord because they would seize gunpowder. At Lexington the colonist had a Colonial Militia was protecting Lexington in case at anything the British would be there. And when the British came they were taunting the colonist about how small they were (in size). Then there was a shot from someone from behind a bush and the British started to shoot. The minutemen quickly fled, but 8 men died, all colonists, and ten were injured. -
Lexington and Concord #2
A minuteman is a member of a class of American militiamen who volunteered to be ready for service at a minute's notice. At concord the militia came to the British and they were both firing but no one fell. The militia taught that the British were trying to intimidate them. And soon the British walked away but the colonist followed and snuck up on them, shooting threw the bushes. The results were that the British had more dead and wounded then the colonist. -
The Second Continental Congress
The congress assumed control of the army outside of Boston. The Olive Branch Petition appeals directly to King George III and expresses hope for reconciliation between the colonies and Great Britain. The Declaration of Clauses also proclaimed their preference "to die free men rather than live as slaves." It helped the colonist gain more power over themselves. -
Battle of Bunker Hill
The Battle of Bunker Hill took place at Breed's Hill overlooking Boston with British staging a frontal attack. For the American they had Thomas Gage leading them. The colonists slaughtered the British until they ran out of gunpowder, when they were forced to retreat. Though they lost the battle, the colonists struck a blow to the British, which boosted morale.