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Twenty-seven anti-Japanese proposals intro-duced in the California legislature. White House urges Governor Hiram Johnson to seek moderation.
Twenty-seven anti-Japanese proposals intro-duced in the California legislature. White House urges Governor Hiram Johnson to seek moderation. -
Alien Land Law (Webb-Haney Act) passed, denying "all aliens ineligible for citizen-ship" (which includes all Asians except Filipinos, who are "subjects" of U.S.) the right to own land in California. Leasing land Iimited to 3 years. Similar laws eventually
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The Hearst newspapers, historically hostile to Japanese, intensifies its "Yellow Peril" campaign with sensational headlines and editorials, fueling anti-Japanese feelings.
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Under pressure from U.S., Japan ceases issu-ing passports to so_called picture brides, who had been emigrating to the U.S. from about 1910 to join husbands they had mar-ried by proxy. Becomes effective in 1921.
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Supreme Court rules in Takeo Ozawa v. U.S. that naturalization is limited to "free white persons and aliens of African nativity," thus legalizing previous practice of excluding Asians from citizenship.
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Congress passes Immigration Exclusion Act, barring all immigration from Japan. Protests held throughout Japan. July 1 declared "Day of Humiliation."
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Japan invades China by end of the year, cap-turing Nanking, capital of Nationalist China.U.S. breaks off commercial relations with Japan.
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President Roosevelt places embargo on most essential raw materials to Japan.
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War Department announces plans to organize all Japanese American combat unit.
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U.S. drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan.
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U.S. drops atomic bomb on Nagasaki. Total of 3 million Japanese left homeless.
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December 12: President Harry Truman grants pardon to all 257 Japanese American draft resistors.
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Norman Mineta elected first mainland Japanese American to the House of Representatives.
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National Council for Japanese American Redress (NCJAR) founded for "sole purpose of obtaining monetary redress for Japanese American victims of World War II concentration camps. '