Twenty-seven anti-Japanese proposals intro-duced in the California legislature. White House urges Governor Hiram Johnson to seek moderation.
Twenty-seven anti-Japanese proposals intro-duced in the California legislature. White House urges Governor Hiram Johnson to seek moderation.
Alien Land Law (Webb-Haney Act) passed, denying "all aliens ineligible for citizen-ship" (which includes all Asians except Filipinos, who are "subjects" of U.S.) the right to own land in California. Leasing land Iimited to 3 years. Similar laws eventually
The Hearst newspapers, historically hostile to Japanese, intensifies its "Yellow Peril" campaign with sensational headlines and editorials, fueling anti-Japanese feelings.
Under pressure from U.S., Japan ceases issu-ing passports to so_called picture brides, who had been emigrating to the U.S. from about 1910 to join husbands they had mar-ried by proxy. Becomes effective in 1921.
Supreme Court rules in Takeo Ozawa v. U.S. that naturalization is limited to "free white persons and aliens of African nativity," thus legalizing previous practice of excluding Asians from citizenship.
Congress passes Immigration Exclusion Act, barring all immigration from Japan. Protests held throughout Japan. July 1 declared "Day of Humiliation."
Japan invades China by end of the year, cap-turing Nanking, capital of Nationalist China.U.S. breaks off commercial relations with Japan.
President Roosevelt places embargo on most essential raw materials to Japan.
War Department announces plans to organize all Japanese American combat unit.
U.S. drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan.
U.S. drops atomic bomb on Nagasaki. Total of 3 million Japanese left homeless.
December 12: President Harry Truman grants pardon to all 257 Japanese American draft resistors.
Norman Mineta elected first mainland Japanese American to the House of Representatives.
National Council for Japanese American Redress (NCJAR) founded for "sole purpose of obtaining monetary redress for Japanese American victims of World War II concentration camps. '
