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Henry Cabot Lodge
He strongly supported both imperialism and a stronger navy
He was in charge of the Congressional Committee that was in charge of investigators
Was against joining the league of nations and felt the US world lose its freedom of action
IMPERIALISM- A policy of ex trading a country's power and influence through diplomacy and military force -
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Alfred Trayed Mahan
-Mahan influenced the US military policy by the ideas in his book "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History"
-Mahan's ideas influenced naval power by the US sealing new markets abroad through the navy on the seas , and his emphasis upon acquisition of naval bases , the ideas ran by the Assistant Secretary of the Navy Theodore Roosevelt -
Alvin York
Was one of the most decorated soldiers of the United States Army in WWI
Received the medal of honor for Wading an attack on a German machine gun nest , taking 35 machine guns, killing at least 28 Germany soldiers
-This action occurred during the US led portion of the broad Meuse- Argonne offensive in France to Breach the Hindenburg and make the opposing German forces surrender
He was inspiration to all through the world -
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Sanford B Dole
His family developed the dole pineapple company
The U.S navy used Hawaii as a gas station
He had an active role in the over throw of the monarchy Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii , it was elected as the first president in 1893 for the U.S
U.S annexed Hawaii during the Sp-Am war , and Dole became Hawaii's 1st Governor -
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Spanish American War
-Was a conflict between U.S and Spain
-The war was to end Spanish colonial rule in the U.S and a chance for U.S to be an empire
-It was in the Western Pacific and Latin America like Philippines , Samoa, Guam , Wake Island and Cuba
-Congress support a modernization program that would make American navy effective and strong -
Theodore Roosevelt - Battle of San Juan Holl
Assistant secretary of the navy, Theodore Roosevelt raised a volunteer force know as the "rough riders" Acting with other army regiments they defeated Spanish Forces at San Juan Hill in Cuba -
Open Door Policy
Purpose of the policy was to give all nations equal rights when trading with China
The treaty would oppose any attempt by other nations to use the rebellion as an excuse to dismember china
This policy was the United States attempt towards world power -
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Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt
Roosevelt unexpectedly became the 26th president of the U.S after the assassination of McKinley
Roosevelt "Square Deal" domestic program included a promise to battle large industrial Combinations
Foreign policy was to bring the United out of it's Isolationism and full it responsibility as a World power
After the death of Garret Hobart , Theodore became vice-president -
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Panama Canal
The Panama Canal took 10 years to build
The price of the build was $403
The U.S helped free panama from Columbia to get access for the build -
Roosevelt Corollary
Theodore Roosevelt.
-Convinced that all of Latin America was vulnerable to European attack
-President Roosevelt dusted of the Monroe Doctrine and added his own Corollary
-Monroe Doctrine blocked further expansion of Europe in the Western Hemisphere , Roosevelt Corollary went one step further
-Was used to justify US intervention throughout the Hemisphere -
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Dollar Diplomacy
Was to create stability and order abroad that would best promote American Commercial interests
To improve financial opportunities , to use private capital further U.S Interest overseas
Taft administration concentrated in assisting American businessmen in the protection and expansion of investment and trade , especially in Latin America and far East
If Latin American countries did not pay their debt , the U.S government sent marines to collect -
Sinking of Lusitania
Less than a year after World War I (1914-18) erupted across Europe, a German U-boat torpedoed and sank the RMS Lusitania, a British ocean liner en route from New York to Liverpool, England. Of the more than 1,900 passengers and crew members on board, Nearly two years would pass before the United States formally entered World War I, but the sinking of the Lusitania played a significant role in turning public opinion against Germany, both in the United States and abroad. -
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WWI
Central powers - Austria-Hungary , German Empire, Ottoman Empire, Kingdom of Bulgaria , Bosnia, Italy and United States
Triple Entente , France, Russia, Great Britain , Serbia and Japan
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were Gunned down which led to WWI -
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Weapons of total War
Poison gas- causes extremely powerful blistering effect on its victims . It harass and disable the enemy, and pollute the battlefield
Germans had more chance on winning the battle
Tanks lead the charge across no man's land to protect the vehicles crew and the men caused by early French Warfare
Canned Food- 1795 French Directory decided that something needed to be done about the military's food supply
-Make food last longer, and it was relatively easy to mass-produce and deliver -
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Weapons of total war part 2
Machine Guns: Fully automatic mounted or portable firearm , design to fire bullets in a quick succession from an ammunition belt
Developed for rapid firing
Trench Warfare
method of fighting where opposing armies fought from and defender their territories using a system of dug out trenches
To construct a thought out system that underwent constant Revision
protected men from machine guns -
Henry ford
was an engineer early automobile manufacturer
he introduced the assembly line in 1914 increasing production by moving cars along a conveyor belt while workers completed their assigned tasks -
Sussex Pledge
The Sussex Pledge was a promise made in 1916 during WWII by Germany to the U.S prior to the latter's entry into the war, early in 1915 Germany had instituted a policy of unrestricted ships, but not passenger ships to be torpedoed without warning -
Espionage Act
The act was designed to crush subversion and silence critics of the war
For those convicted of aiding the enemy obstructing military recruitment , protesting conscription , say or doing anything to impede the war effort
The maximum find was up to $10,000 and 20 years in federal prision -
Zimmerman Telegram
-This was a message from the Germany foreign minister
to Mexico
-The war between the U.S and Germany is published on the front pages of newspaper across America to help bring America into WWI -
German Unrestricted Submarine Warfare
Reason why the U.S joined the war, when German u-boats quarantine British isles , German u-boats sink merchant ships , and also because German u-boats sink a merchant ships -
American Expeditionary Force
-The commanding general was John J Pershing
-The AEFS nickname was "Dough boys"
-They had more than 500,000-1,000,000 men the AEF Sustained about 320,000 casualties and 204,000 wounded during the war
-U.S divisions were deployed with french and British units to gain combat experience by defending relatively quiet secrets of their lines
-The AEF helped push the allied powers towards victory under the command of General John J Pershing -
Battle of Aragonne Forest
The AEF (American Expeditionary Force) assembled 600,000 soldiers and 40,000 pieces of artillery.
A total of 12 million Americans were involved 117,000 were killed or wounded
Fought threw the Hilly Terrain Shattered the German line
Final allied offensive of World War I that restricted along the entire Western front to help and end war. -
Supreme Court
Issue: the first Amendment violated when congress makes a law that punishes opinions against the war
Congress passed a law called the Espionage Act which said that during war time obstructing the draft was a crime
The court ruled that there is limits to free speech
The free speech is not protected from fasely "shouting fire in a evolved theater and causing panic : the first Amendment did not protect words that create a clean and present danger -
Treaty of Versailles
The treaty terms was Germany to take the blame , Germany had to give up land to France and 4 other countries , Germany had to pay for all the reparations and the German Army was limited to 100,000 men, and the League of Nations was created
The U.S saw this as a unfair punishment , so Wilson prepared 14 points
The U.S was offend to join the League, but turned it down , because of foreign offers , so the U.S went into Isolation until the Stock market crush -
League of nations
The treaty created the league of nations , an organization of nations pledged to defend each other again aggressors
The United States congress denied President Wilson's 14 points along with the league nation
The league was severely weaken when several major powers such as the United States and Russia failed to join it -
Fourteen Point Plan
The fourteen point plan ideas were distributed , world wide by the government working for George creed in the American committee on public information
Millions of copies of booklets and pamphlets that explained Wilson's plans were distributed to allied nations and dropped from planes above Germany -Allies agreed to accept the fourteen points as the basis for the coming peace negotiated if Wilson would agree to two reservations -
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Weapons of total war part 1
Subamrines(u. boats )
-Submarines of u-boats also know as undersea bowl , were created to fight war on sea
-Developed to gain advantage in the warfare
Extremely effective against merchant ships and hidering the allies supply line
-(MINES) Explosive device concealed under water or on ground to destroy or disable enemy targets, ranging from combinations to vehicles , and tanks as they passed over or near it
-Developed to create defensive tactical barriers.
