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"Women's Era"
The Women's Era was a period of time in which women advocated for rights and became a more prominent part of society outside of the home. They increasingly worked for wages and even held leadership positions. -
Jeannette Rankin
Congresswoman Jeannette Rankin cast a vote against the United States' entry into World War I, despite women's suffrage not being legal nationally. Some individual states allowed female suffrage, although people still did not take her vote seriously. -
Women in the Workforce
By this point in time, office workers and telephone operators made up 25% of the female workforce while domestic servants made only 15%. Women were able to work for wages due to the dawn of a mass consumer society in the 1890s. -
The 19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment was passed, giving women the right to vote, after much hard work from various places. The National American Women's Suffrage Association and the National Women's Party as well as others protested and argues on behalf of women, although their methods were different. -
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Hoover Attempts Improvements
President Hoover doubled United States works expenditures by making people agree to maintain wage rates, getting the Federal Farm Board to support agricultural production, and getting Congressional approval for $14 million in public works. In 1929, federal expenditures alone made up 3% of U.S. gross domestic product. -
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Bank Failures
2294 American Banks had failed by the end of 1931 after the stock market crash and slowing of manufacturing scared people into attempting to withdraw their money from the banks. This forced banks to take out loans, which froze the credit system, which then caused deflation that led to businesses laying off workers. When the workers were laid off and not making any money, they could no longer afford to buy products and so very little money was going into the economy. -
Reconstruction Finance Corporation formed
Hoover and Congress created what was essentially a federal bailout program that borrowed money to provide emergency loans to banks, building-and-loan societies, railroads, and agricultural corporation. -
Bonus Army March
The Bonus March on Washington consisted of World War I veterans who were seeking early payment of bonuses due to them. They blocked the steps of the Capitol building. -
The "Cash and Carry" Act
Replacing the Neutrality Acts of 1939, Congress agreed to allow "Cash and Carry" arms sales to Great Britain after acknowledging Hitler as a threat. Cash and carry means it was paid with cash--not loans or IOUs--and the recipients arranged for transport of the arms themselves so that the U.S. was not put at great risk. -
Pearl Harbor
The attack on Pearl Harbor killed over 2000 servicemen and destroyed aircrafts and sea vessels. This influenced the United States to officially declare war, which caused Germany to declare war on the U.S. This basically triggered the "official" beginning of the world war. -
Women in the Workforce During World War II
By this point in time, women made up a third of the civilian labor force in addition to 350,000 women serving in the military. -
Economic Bill of Rights
President Franklin D. Roosevelt introduced the Second Bill of Rights in his State of the Union Address, a new bill that would create full employment and guarantee adequate income, medical care, education, and housing to all Americans. -
D-Day
The United States joined Britain and Canada in invading Normandy on D-Day, the first day of the Battle of Normandy. This was the largest amphibious (taking place on both land and water) attacks in history. -
Bretton Woods Conference
The Bretton Woods conference took place in New Hampshire and brought the replacement of the pound with the dollar as the dominant trading unit, and helped to create the World Bank. The World Bank was to help rebuild Europe and help developing currencies. Finally, it created IMF (International Monetary Fund) to stabilize currencies. -
Dumbarton Oaks Conference
The Dumbarton Oaks Conference established the United Nations to ensure peace. The United States was part of the Security Council. -
Japan Surrenders
After the bombings on Hiroshima (which instantly killed 70,000 people, another 70,000 following from radiation poisoning) and Nagasaki (which killed another 70,000 people), Japan surrendered
