-
Eli Whitney
-American Inventor
-invented cotton gin
-automated seed separation and made profit for South
-was the key invention of the Industrial Revolution -
Period: to
Abolitionism
-movement to end slavery -
Louisiana Purchase
-France sold the US the Louisiana territory for $15 million, or about 4 cents per acre
- 828,000 square miles
-from Mississippi River to beginning of Rocky Mountains
-considered the greatest real etate purchase in history
-current states that were included: Arkansas, Colorado, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming -
Lewis and Clark
-expedition across the Louisiana territory
-faced unknown people, harsh conditions, and unexplored lands
-mapped out the lands
-described some of the natural wonders
-encountered people of the Western North America -
Missouri Compromise
-to keep balance of power in Congress between slave/ free states
-Missouri was made slave state and Maine was made free
-prohibited slavery in the Louisiana Territory north of the 36° 30´ latitude line
-later repealed by Kansas-Nebraska Act -
Monroe Doctrine
-by President James Monroe to Congress
-warned European powers not to interfere with the affairs of the Western Hemisphere
-invoked in 1865 -
Erie Canal
-proposed in 1808
-finished in 1825
-links waters in Lake Erie in the west to the Hudson River in the east
-some called it the Eighth Wonder of the World because it was an engineering marvel for the time period
-in New York- stretches for 363 miles -
William Lloyd Garrison
-American Abolitionist
-editor of the abolitionist newspaper
-a founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society
-thought Union should end; slave states and free states shold be seoarated -
Grimke Sisters
-grew up in a family with slaves, but they did not agree with slavery
-involved in womens rights
-spoke and wrote agains slavery
-known as very brave at young ages -
Nat Turner
- American slave -led slave rebellion with 60 white deaths and 100+ black deaths -later convicted and hanged -a couple hundred blacks were tortured for being a part of his rebellion -new laws were passed further prohibiting the rights of blacks
-
Nullification Crisis
-formal suspension by a state of a federal law within its borders
-many states threatened to secede if they were forced to pay certain taxes
-reated by South Carolina's 1832 Ordinance of Nullification -
Period: to
Manifest Destiny
-figure was the "Columbia"
-the widely held belief that American settlers were meant to settle and expand across the continent -
Wilmot Proviso
-amendment to the bill stipulating that none of the territory acquired in the Mexican War should be open to slavery
-house passed it, but Senate did not
-created tension between north and south states
-later it was accepted by Republican Party -
Stonewall Jackson
-participated in the siege of Veracruz
-During the war in Mexicohe met Robert E. Lee
- Considered a war hero
-fought in the first battle of Bull Run in 1861
-General Barnard E. Bee, said, "There is Jackson standing like a stone wall." -
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
-played a large role in the women's rights movement
-she took the lead in seeing that women got the right to vote
-wrote and lectured on womens rights
-worked to abolish slavery -
Seneca Falls Conference
-beginning of women's rights movement
-women were not able to speack at this conference, so they wrote a document about the rights they wanted for women -
Dred Scott case
-Dred Scott v. Sanford
-Dred Scott was a slave who had lived in the free states of Illinois and Wisconsin before moving back to the slave state of Missouri.
-He had appealed to the Supreme Court in hopes of being granted his freedom.
-The Supreme Court denied them their freedom -
John D. Rockerfeller
-Standard Oil Company Founder
-MAIN OIL COMPANY
-First great standard business trust
-Lots of money/very rich -
John Brown's Raid
-He led 21 men on a raid of the federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia.
-He planned to arm slaves with the weopns the stole from the arsenal.
-however, militiamen , farmers and marines led by Robert E. Lee killed and captured most of the men -
Jefferson Davis
-Mexican War hero
-U.S. senator from Mississippi
-U.S. secretary of war and president of the Confederate States
- February 1861 he was elected president of the Confederacy -- May 1865, Davis was captured, imprisoned and charged with treason -
Abraham Lincoln
-Became president in 1861
- A bloody civil war broke out during his term and he vowed to preserve the union. -
Fort Sumter
-Anderson moved his command to Fort Sumter
-March 4, 1861, Anderson reported that he had only a six week supply of food left in the fort
-Confederate batteries opened fire on Fort Sumter and continued for 34 hours -
William T. Sherman
-The most widely renowned of the Union’s military leaders next to U. S. Grant
-He launched a campaign in Georgia that was defined as “modern warfare”
-captured Atlanta on September 2, 1864 -
Ulysses S. Grant
February 1862 took control of Fort Henry
April 1862 fought in the battle of Shiloh
Became a general in March 1864
President from 1869-1877 -
Robert E. Lee
- Fought in the battle of Antietam
- Great military general
-
Antietam
-Union corps mounted a powerful assault on Lee’s left flank that began the Battle of Antietam, and the single bloodiest day in American military history.
-The Battle of Antietam is considered a draw from a military point of view -
Emancipation Proclomation
- The proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." -President Abraham Lincoln issued it as the nation approached its third year of bloody civil war
-
Vicksburg
-Armies converged on Vicksburg, investing the city and entrapping a Confederate army
-On July 4, Vicksburg surrendered after prolonged siege operations. -
Gettysburg
-The Gettysburg Address is a speech by U.S. President Abraham Lincolnat the dedication of the Soldiers' National Cemetery in Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, four months after the Union armies defeated the Confederacy at the Battle of Gettysburg. -
Frederick Douglass
-American social reformer, orator, writer and statesman
-was able to escape from slavery
-helps with underground railroad
-lectures on womens rigthts and reforms
-works with President Lincoln -
Battle for Atlanta
-Hood withdrew his main army at night from Atlanta’ s outer line to the inner line, enticing Sherman to follow
-McPherson was concerned about his left flank and sent his reservesto that location.
-he Rebel attack stalled on the Union rear but began to roll up the left flank. Around the same time, a Confederate soldier shot and killed McPherson
-The Union troops held, and Hood suffered high casualties. -
Andrew Johnson
-17th US president
-Serve from 1865 to 1869
-Lincoln's vice president
-Lincoln was assassinated
-Became new president
-Tried to fix country after civil war
-Vetoed Reconstruction acts
-"Allowed" black codes
-Said to be racist
-Was impeached
-Very disliked by everyone -
13th Ammendment
-Abolished slavery in the United States -
14th Amendment
-equal protection of laws
-civil rights to all Americans
-life
-liberty or property
-due process of law -
John D. Rockefeller
-Founded Standard Oil Company
-Became very rich because petroleum importance went up
-Foundations to help people
-Medicine, education, science, church
-Founded University of Chicago, Rockefeller University, Central Philippine University -
15th Amendment
-granted African American men right to vote -
Sitting Bull
-Húŋkpapȟa Lakota Sioux holy man
-Troubles with the expanding Amerian territory
-Honerable warrior
-Defended his land from American Forces
-Led successful battle against American forces in the battle of RossBud
-Battle of Littlehorn -
Jim Crow Laws
-Radical caste sytem
-Anti-black laws
-Segregation wanted by whites
-Blacks were inferior to whites
-Christian leaders sadi that God supported the segregation of blacks and whites. They said that whites where the 'chosen ones' and blacks were cursed to be servants.
-These law codes were put into effect in public places, transportation, and every other aspect of life. -
Thomas Edison
-Great inventor
-Light Bulb
-Phonograph
-Motion Picture
-Vote counter -
Compromise of 1877
-Informal/not written
-Republic and Democrats of Congress agree to
1.Remove all federal troops from the southern states.
2.Appointment of at least one southern Democrat into Hayes's Administration.
3.Construction of a second transcontinental railroad in the South called the Texas and Pacific.
4.Legislation enacted to help industrialize the South.
(1-4 from http://compromiseof1877.com/info/info.htm) -
Ida Tarbell
-Teacher
-America's first woman journalist
-Wrote the History of the Standard Oil Company
-Describes Rockefeller's oil industry -
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
-Law that banned Chinese immigration
-Gold rush caused Chinese immigration to increase greatly
-Chester A. Aurther signed for the law
-Supposed to last 10 years
-Was repealed -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
-repealed the Missouri Compromise -allowed popular sovereignty to decide slavery vs. anti slavery in Kansas and Nebraska -
Samuel Gompers
-Cigar making family
-President of the Cigar Makers' International Union (CMIU)
-Wanted to make Union force strong enough to change economy
-FIRST PRESIDENT OF AMERICAN FEDERATION OF LABOR
-Issues: wages, benefits, hours, and working conditions -
American Federation of Labor
-First permanent national labor movement
-Confederation of labor unions
-Samuel Gompers leads it
-Congress of Industial Organizations was enemy -
Wounded Knee
-Site of two conflicts
-Between Amercian government and American Indians
-Final disagreement between Sioux and American government
-150 Native Americans dead -
Ellis Island
-Gateway for immigrants
-12 million immigrants processed
-Usually took 3-7 hours
-New York Harbor
-Immigration act of 1891 controlled people entering US -
1894 Pullman Strike
-Pullman Palace Car Company wanted higher wages
-They went on strike
-Appealed for support from American Railway Union (ARU)
-ARU said they would not work on any trains that had Pullman Cars
-Railroad traffic was slowed natiowide
-Unions came into play stronger -
Plessy VS. Ferguson
-Required separate cars for blacks and whites on trains
-Plessy was 1/8th black
-Accused of sitting in a 'White' seat and arrested
-Plessy accused judge of not following the 14th amendment
-Judge name was Fergusons
-"Separate but equal" -
Upton Sinclair's The Jungle
-Upton Sinclair grew up poor
-Describes meat packing industry
-distrubing information about oor sanitation and packaging
-Rats in meat
-Guts dropped on floor and swept into 'potted ham'
-Diseased meat, ect.
-Resulted in federal inspection of meat
