-
Eli Whitney
• He invented the cotton gin which was a machine that removed the seeds for the cotton faster-no longer done by hand
• With the invention of the cotton gin, the need for slaves increased- more slavery
• He created the idea of interchangeable gun parts because it was easier and cheaper –didn’t have to purchase a whole new gun -
Nat Turner
• Nathaniel "Nat" Turner was an American slave who led a slave rebellion in Virginia on August 21, 1831
• The rebellion resulted in 60 white deaths and at least 100 black deaths.
• He gathered supporters in Southampton County, Virginia.
• In the aftermath, the state executed 56 blacks accused of being part of Turner's slave rebellion.
• Across Virginia and other southern states, state legislators passed new laws prohibiting education of slaves and free blacks, restricting rights of assembly an -
Louisiana Purchase
• Started as wanting only New Orleans then turned into wanting most of the land west of the Mississippi River
• France sold 828,000 square miles of land west of the Mississippi river
• The cost was around $283 million in today’s dollars
• This doubled the size of the United States -
Lewis and Clark
• They were hired by Thomas Jefferson to explore the Louisiana Purchase
• They discovered around 300 species unknown to science
• Lewis and Clark's journey took 2 years, 4 months, and 10 days
• They covered over 8,000 miles -
William Lloyd Garrison
• William Lloyd Garrison was a prominent American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer.
• He is best known as the editor of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator
• Was one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society
• He was against women suffrage and was for immediate emancipation of slaves in the United States -
Andrew Johnson
• Andrew Johnson (1808-1875), the 17th U.S. president, assumed office after the assassination of Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865). Johnson, who served from 1865 to 1869, was the first American president to be impeached. -
Jefferson Davis
• President of the confederate united states
• Attended west point college
• Davis opposed secession until his state left the Union
• -
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
• An American social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early women's rights movement
• Manly focused on women’s rights
• Drafted the Declaration of Sentiments, modeled closely after the Declaration of Independence, asserting the "self-evident" truth that "all men and women were created equal." -
Erie Canal
• It was constructed to open the country up to the west of the Appalachian Mountains in a cheaper manner
• The canal began at the great lakes and then ended in New York City
• One of the first trading improvements; made importing and exporting goods easier and faster
• New York became center of trading because the canal opened up to the west
• This increased the financial state in New York -
Frederick Douglass
• He was a reformer, writer, and statesman
• After he escaped slavery, he became a leader of the abolitionist movement
• Douglass was a firm believer in the equality of all people, whether black, female, Native American, or recent immigrant, famously quoted as saying, "I would unite with anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong." -
Monroe Doctrine
• Document stating no European interaction would be allowed in North or South America
• If the Europeans interfered with colonizing the Americans , it would be seen as aggressive and the US would fight back
• Its primary objective was to free the newly independent colonies of Latin America from European intervention and control -
Abolitionism
• A historical movement to end the African slave trade and set slaves free
• Abolitionist ideas became increasingly popular in Northern churches and politics beginning in the 1830s, which contributed to the regional disliking between North and South leading up to the Civil War. -
Period: to
Manifest Destiny
It was the widely held belief that American settlers were destined to expand throughout the continent
• It was used by Democrats in the 1840s to justify the war with Mexico
• It was also used to divide half of Oregon with Great Britain -
Seneca Falls Conference
• Early and influential convention for women’s rights _first to be organized by women
• At the conference they talked about the role of women in society and made humorous jokes
• Known as the start push to end women suffrage in the United States -
Vicksburg
• The last fort that the north has to conquer before they control the hole Mississippi river
• 1862 -
Antietam
• Union 12,401 casualties confederacy 10,318 casualties
• Bloodiest single day battle
• The battle began at 5:30 AM (Dawn) on September 17, 1862 and lasted until 5:30 PM that day.
• The battle is also called the battle of Sharpsburg. -
Emancipation Proclamation
• President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, announcing, "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious areas "are, and henceforward shall be free." -
Gettysburg
• July 1-3 1863 • In July of 1863, General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia of 75,000 men and the 97,000 man Union Army of the Potomac, under George G. Meade
• North won -
13th Amendment
Abolished slavery -
Battle for Atlanta
• The union was going to destroy Atlanta and then move down and destroy savannah. -
14th Amendment
On July 28, 1868, the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified. The amendment grants citizenship to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" which included former slaves who had just been freed after the Civil War. The amendment had been rejected by most Southern states but was ratified by the required three-fourths of the states. Known as the "Reconstruction Amendment," it forbids any state to deny any person "life, liberty or property, without due process of -
15th amendment
• Gave black men the right to vote
• ratified on February 3, 1870 -
John D. Rockefeller
American industrialist and philanthropist. He was the founder of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S. business trust.
Rockefeller revolutionized the petroleum industry
Rockefeller's wealth soared, and he became the world's richest man and the first American worth more than a billion dollars. -
Jim Crow
state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965.
segregation of public schools, public places, and public transportation, and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants, and drinking fountains for whites and blacks. The U.S. military was also segregated. -
Sitting Bull
Hunk papa Lakota Sioux holy man who led his people as a tribal chief during years of resistance to United States government policies.
He was killed by Indian agency police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation during an attempt to arrest him at a time when authorities feared that he would join the Ghost Dance movement
Battle of the Little Bighorn, Sitting Bull had a vision in which he saw the defeat of the 7th Cavalry under Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer on June 25, 1876.
Leadersh -
Compromise of 1877
• The Compromise of 1877 was a purported informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election, pulled federal troops out of state politics in the South, and ended the Reconstruction Era. -
Thomas Edison
American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb.
He is credited with numerous inventions that contributed to mass communication and, in particular, telecommunications.
Edison developed a system of electric-power generation and distribution to homes, businesses, and factories – a crucial development in the modern industrialized -
Fort Summers (1861)
• There were no deaths that occurred at this fort.
• 1st battle of the civil war -
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
United States federal law signed by Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, following revisions made in 1880 to the Burlingame Treaty of 1868
Federal law proscribed entry of an ethnic working group on the premise that it endangered the good order of certain localities
Many Chinese were relentlessly beaten just because of their race
The Chinese Exclusion Act required the few nonlaborers who sought entry to obtain certification from the Chinese government that they were qualified to immigrate -
Samuel Gompers
Labor union leader and a key figure in American labor history.
Gompers founded the American Federation of Labor, and served as the organization's president from 1886 to 1894 and from 1895 until his death in 1924.
He promoted "thorough" organization and collective bargaining to secure shorter hours and higher wages
Gompers and the AFL openly supported the war effort, attempting to avoid strikes and boost morale while raising wage rates and expanding membership. -
American Federation of Labour
One of the first federations of labor unions in the United States.
AFL was the largest union grouping in the United States for the first half of the 20th century
The AFL vigorously opposed unrestricted immigration from Europe for moral, cultural, and racial reasons.
The issue unified the workers who feared that an influx of new workers would flood the labor market and lower wages.
In most ways, the AFL’s treatment of women workers paralleled its policy towards black workers. The AF -
Wounded Knee
The Wounded Knee Massacre occurred on December 29, 1890.
It was the last battle of the American Indian Wars.
at least 150 men, women, and children of the Lakota Sioux had been killed and 51 wounded
Twenty-five troopers also died, and 39 were wounded
It is believed that many were the victims of friendly fire, as the shooting took place at close range in chaotic conditions. -
1894 Pullman Strike
a nationwide conflict in the summer of 1894 between the new American Railway Union and railroads
It shut down much of the nation's freight and passenger traffic west of Detroit
nearly 4,000 employees of the Pullman Palace Car Company began a wildcat strike in response to recent reductions in wages
state and local laws in the United States enacted between 1876 and 1965
To win the strike, Debs decided to stop the movement of Pullman cars on railroads
Debs and the ARU called a mas -
Plessy Vs. Ferguson
upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal"
The decision was handed down by a vote of 7 to 1 with the majority opinion "Separate but equal" remained standard doctrine in U.S. law until its repudiation in the 1954 Supreme Court decision Brown v. Board of Education
In his case, Homer Adolph Plessy v. The State of Louisiana, Plessy argued that the state law which required East Louisiana Railroad t -
Ida Tarbell
American teacher, author and journalist. She was one of the leading "muckrakers" of the progressive era
She is best known for her 1904 book The History of the Standard Oil Company
In 1902 she conducted detailed interviews with the Standard Oil magnate
He was apparently unusually forthcoming. However, Tarbell's interviews with Rogers formed the basis for her negative exposé of the business practices of industrialist John D. Rockefeller and the massive Standard Oil organization -
Upton Sinclair's "The Jungle"
is a 1906 novel
portray the lives of immigrants in the United States
exposure of practices in the American meatpacking industry during the early 20th century
depicts poverty, the absence of social programs, unpleasant living and working conditions, and the hopelessness prevalent among the working class
Sinclair was considered a muckraker, or journalist who exposed corruption in government and business -
Ellis Island
Was the gateway for millions of immigrants to the United States as the nation's busiest immigrant inspection station from 1892 until 1924.
