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strikes down school segregation
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He helps Kennedy win southern support in 1960 election
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Lead by MLK this association organized one of the most successful bus boycotts to desegregate busses. Created following the Rosa Parks incident
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desegregation at "all deliberate speed"
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In a fight for containment the United States were involved in prohibiting the expansion of communism in Vietnam. The Domino effect determined that if a few countries begin to turn communism more countries will fall to communism easier.
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NAACP Officer Rosa Parks was arrested for not giving up her seat on a Montgomery bus, she sparked the movement for the desegregation of public busses
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Bus boycotts, carpools, lawsuits were some of the tactics African Americans used to end bus segregation
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promotes MLK's peaceful protest approach to desegregation, by 1960s African American students think pace is too slow.
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voting rights measure, gives federal gov't power
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federal government power over schools and voting protection for African Americans
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Fidel Castro leads Cuban revolution, begins to turn country communist
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Students who believe King's "soul force" is too slow paced join this group and begin using violence
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Sit in tactics used by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) have been occurring throughout 1960 and by the end of the year they have made significant progress
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The first televised Presidential debate was between John F Kennedy and Richard Nixon. JFK is a better TV talker than Nixon, while Nixon is a better radio talker.
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Foreign Policy:
Flexible Response - we need more than just nukes, increases both nuclear and conventional arsenal Domestic Policy:
New Frontier - deficit spending to stimulate economic growth, increased defense spending and funding space programs -
extra effort to hire, enroll discriminated groups
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Eisenhower started secret army of Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro, Kennedy deploys it, fails.
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Freedom Riders from around the nation used bus sit ins to keep an end to bus segregation. This resulted in a wave of violence from whites and those who opposed racial equality but eventually lead to success in the courts
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By 1961, 20% of East Germans flee to West Berlin as a result of horrible economy. USSR builds Berlin Wall to stop citizens from leaving, symbolizes "iron curtain".
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Brings attention to poverty. In 63' Kennedy begins work on poverty
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Governor Ross Barnett refuses to let James Meredith enroll because of his race, is overruled by courts
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exposes dangers of pesticides
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Soviet nuclear missiles were found in Cuba by an American spy plane, United States creates naval quarantine around Cuba until missile shipments stop. Very close to nuclear war.
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Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) have child marchers, protests, and economic boycott to end segregation. Many children and others are killed.
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MLK writes letter claiming that those who say we must wait for racism to end, really mean it will never end, and that those fighting for desegregation should do so nonviolently
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Jury let murders go free, huge uproar by protesters
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Over 250,000 people converge to Washington D.C. to listen to speakers discuss the fight for racial equality. The day ended with Martin Luther King's "I Have a Dream Speech" were he demands for a world for his children to live in where one's value is not determined by the color of their skin, or the gender, or any other prejudice
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JFK was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswald while in a motorcade in Dallas, Texas.
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succeeds Kennedy as vice president, people question if he has power to do so
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education, training, small business loans.
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LBJ's domestic policy to end poverty and discrimination. LBJ takes funding away at end to spend on Vietnam War.
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CORE & SNCC project to register blacks to vote in Mississippi. Many volunteers were victims to violence
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prohibits discrimination with enforcement. Outlaws discrimination on race, religion and gender in public places
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Goldwater was a hawk, wanted to use nukes in Vietnam. LBJ scares Americans of what a hawk might do. (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dDTBnsqxZ3k)
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Didn't become law till 1977, requires states to clean up rivers
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Malcolm X was a muslim black rights activist who pleaded blacks to separate from whites and form a separate society
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voting rights demonstrators killed in Selma, Alabama. MLK leads 600 people, TV shows police violently stopping them. Becomes known as "Bloody Sunday". Second march has 25,000 protestors join.
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Medicare- low-cost medical, hospital insurance for elderly
Medicaid- health insurance for welfare recipients -
Bans literacy tests, allows federal officials to enroll voters. Ends up increasing black voter enrollment
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creates cheaper public housing for low-, moderate- income homes.
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Stokely Carmichael became chairman of the SNCC and had largely lost faith in MLK's nonviolence method
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Win popular support by providing social services in ghettos
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King objects violence being used by blacks, he says in his speech that he doesn't have a lot of time left to lead the Civil Rights movement.
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James Earl Ray, the suspected murderer, pleads guilty to avoid receiving the death penalty even though he says he is innocent and stays in prison
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prohibits discrimination is housing
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Kennedy said within a decade they'd be on the moon, they beat soviets in space race.
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