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Eli Whitney
Inventor Eli Whitney
machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds
a combination of a wire screen and small wire hooks to pull the cotton through -
Louisiana Purchase
France’s claim to the territory of Louisiana
Less than 3 cents per acre
524,800,000 acres -
Lewis and Clark
May 21 1804
American expedition to cross the western portion of the United States
Departing from St. Louis on the Mississippi River
Ending on the northern Pacific coast
Select group of U.S. Army volunteers under the command of Captain Meriwether Lewis -
Robert E. Lee
January 19, 1807 – October 12, 1870
was an American career military officer who is best known for having commanded the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the American Civil War. -
Abraham Lincoln
February 12, 1809 – April 15, 1865)
was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. -
Missouri Compromise
Missouri Compromise
• Passed in 1819
• It prohibited slavery in the former Lousiana Territory
• A bill to enable the people of the Missouri Territory to draft a constitution -
William T. Sherman
February 8, 1820 – February 14, 1891
was an American soldier, businessman, educator and author. He served as a General in the Union Army during the American Civil War (1861–65), for which he received recognition for his outstanding command of military strategy as well as criticism for the harshness of the "scorched earth" policies that he implemented in conducting total war against the Confederate States.[ -
Erie Canal
It was the first transportation system between the eastern seaboard New York City and the western interior Great Lakes
The canal contains 36 locks and encompasses -
Ulysses S. Grant
April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885
was the 18th President of the United States (1869–1877) following his highly successful role as a war general in the second half of the Civil War. -
Monroe Doctrine
The Doctrine noted that the United States would neither interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the internal concerns of European countries
President James Monroe first stated the doctrine during his seventh annual State of the Union Address to Congress -
Thomas Jonathan "Stonewall" Jackson
January 21, 1824[2] – May 10, 1863
was a Confederate general during the American Civil War, and one of the best-known Confederate commanders after General Robert E. Lee.[3] His military career includes the Valley Campaign of 1862 and his service as a corps commander in the Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee. Confederate pickets accidentally shot him at the Battle of Chancellorsville on May 2, 1863 -
Abolitionism
A movement to end slavery, whether formal or informal. In Western Europe and the Americas, abolitionism was a historical movement to end the African slave trade and set slaves free. -
William Lloyd Garrison
American abolitionist, journalist, and social reformer. He is best known as the editor of the abolitionist newspaper The Liberator, and was one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society. -
Nat Turner
American slave who led a slave rebellion in Virginia on August 21, 1831 that resulted in 60 white deaths and at least 100 black deaths. -
Nullification Crisis
Nullification Crisis
• Created in 1832
• declared by the power of the State
• The nation had suffered an economic downturn throughout the 1820s, and South Carolina was particularly affected -
Grimke sisters
Grimke sisters
• raised on a plantation in South Carolina
• 1836 Angelina wrote to the Appeal to the Christian Women of the South asking white southern women to join the antislavery cause
• Abolitionism -
Frederick Douglass
American social reformer, orator, writer and statesman. After escaping from slavery, he became a leader of the abolitionist movement. -
Manifest Destiny
Belief that American settlers were destined to expand throughout the continent. -
Wilmot Proviso
Wilmot Proviso
• The Wilmot Proviso, one of the major events leading to the American Civil War
• Any land won from the Mexican American war cannot have slavery
• It was reintroduced in February 1847 and again passed the House and failed in the Senate -
Seneca Falls Conference
Influential women's rights convention, the first to be organized by women in the Western world, in Seneca Falls, New York. -
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
American social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the early women's rights movement. Her Declaration of Sentiments, presented at the first women's rights convention held in 1848 in Seneca Falls, New York -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
1854
created the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, opening new lands for settlement -
Dred Scott case
1857
slaves as well as free -- were not and could never become citizens of the United States. The court also declared the 1820 Missouri Compromise unconstitutional, thus permiting slavery in all of the country's territories. -
Johns Brown's Raid
1859
was an attempt by the white abolitionist John Brown to start an armed slave revolt in 1859 by seizing a United States arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia -
The Battle of Antietam
Antietam-
• It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with 22,717 dead, wounded and missing on both sides combined.
• The Confederate retreated which gave Abraham Lincoln the “victory” he desired before issuing the Emancipation Proclamation -
Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation-
• The Emancipation Proclamation was issued by President Abraham Lincoln on January 1, 1863, as the country entered the third year of the Civil War.
• It declared that "all persons held as slaves … shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free"—but it applied only to states designated as being in rebellion.
• Civil War no longer remained a war to preserve the Union, it became a war to free the slaves. -
The Battle of Vicksburg
Vicksburg-
• In May and June of 1863, Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s armies converged on Vicksburg.
• On July 4, Vicksburg surrendered after prolonged siege operations. On July 4, Vicksburg surrendered after prolonged siege operations.
• Estimated Casualties: 19,233 total (US 10,142; CS 9,091)
• Result(s): Union victory -
The Battle of Gettysburg
Gettysburg-
• Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee concentrated his army around Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, upon the approach of Union Gen. George G. Meade’s forces.
• It lasted for three days, July 1, 2 and 3, 1863 and ended when the Confederates withdrew from Gettysburg on July 4-5, 1863.
• It was the largest battle of the war with casualties totaling in excess of 51,000 soldiers in the two armies combined: 8,0000 men killed, 27,000 wounded and more than 16,000 missing or taken prisoner. -
The Thirteenth Amendment-
• The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution outlaws slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime.
• It was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, by the House on January 31, 1865, and adopted on December 6, 1865..
• It was the first of the three Reconstruction Amendments adopted after the American Civil War. -
The Battle of Atlanta
Battle for Atlanta-
• The Battle of Atlanta took place on July 22, 1864 in the present community of East Atlanta.
• Eight hours of continuous fighting resulted in an estimated 12,000 casualties - 3,641 Union soldiers and 8,499 Confederates.
• The Battle of Atlanta claimed the life of Union General James McPherson. -
Andrew Johnson
Andrew Johnson (December 29, 1808 – July 31, 1875) was the 17th President of the United States, serving from 1865 to 1869. -
The fourteenth amendment-
The Fourteenth Amendment (Amendment XIV) to the United States Constitution was adopted on July 9, 1868, as one of the Reconstruction Amendments.
Its Due Process Clause prohibits state and local governments from depriving persons of life, liberty, or property without certain steps being taken to ensure fairness. -
The Fifteenth Amendment-
• The Fifteenth Amendment (Amendment XV) to the United States Constitution prohibits the federal and state governments from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude"
• It was ratified on February 3, 1870, as the third and final of the Reconstruction Amendments. -
JIm Crow Laws
Jim Crow Laws: “The Segregation”
-State and local laws in America set into place around 1876 to enforce racial segregation in all public facilities in the southern states and later the Confederacy
-Practice of this racial separation of blacks from whites led to inferior conditions for blacks. -
Sitting Bull
Sitting Bull: “Slon-he”
-Hunkpapa Lakota Sioux holy man and tribal chief who led during the years of Native American resistance to the United States policies.
-Killed by the Indian agency police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation on December 15th, 1890 -
Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison: “The Wizard of Menlo Park”
-American inventor and businsses man
-Invented the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting practical electric light bulb -
Chinese Exclusion Act
Chinese Exclusion Act: A federal law signed by Chester A. Arthur, on May 6, 188 following revisions to the Burlingame Treaty in 1880.
-These revisions placed a ban on Chinese Immigration into the United States. -
American Federation of Labor
American Federation of Labor: “Workers Union”
-One of the first federations of labor unions in America
-Samuel Gompers was the first president of the Federation
-Founded in Columbus, Ohio -
Samuel Gompers
Samuel Gompers: -English born American cigar maker
-Founded the American Federation of Labor, served as their president, and brought harmony to the individual labor unions that made up the Federation. -
John D. Rockefeller
John D. Rockefeller: -“Richest person in history”
-Founder of the Standard Oil Company, which revolutionized the petroleum industry as one of the first great American businesses.
-Founded the University of Chicago and Rockefeller University -
Wounded Knee
Wounded Knee: “The Massacre”
-Last battle of the American Indian Wars fought near Wounded Knee Creek on the Lakota Pine Ridge Indian Reservation
-300 women, children, and warriors of the Lakota tribe slaughtered -
Ellis Island
Ellis Island: “The Gateway”
-Allowed millions of immigrants to enter the United States
-Busiest immigrant inspection station in the nation from 1892 until 1924 -
!894 Pullman Strike
1894 Pullman Strike: “The stand”
-nationwide conflict in the summer of 1894 that occurred when American Railway Union workers in town of Pullman, Illinois went on a wildcat strike in response to recent restrictions and drop in wages.
-Much of the nations freight and passenger railroads west of Detroit, Michigan. -
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Plessy vs. Ferguson: “Separate but equal”
-Landmark United States Supreme Court decision to uphold the racial segregation laws in public areas
-Homer Plessy a colored man in Louisiana has challenged the racial segregation laws in his state and the case went all the way to the Supreme Court. -
Upton Sinclairs, "The Jungle"
Upton Sinclair’s, “The Jungle”: “The hard truth”
- 1906 novel written by American journalist Upton Sinclair in order to expose the terrible working conditions and lives of immigrants in the United States
- His exposure of less than sanitary practices in the meatpacking industry in the early 20th century were also critically acclaimed by the public.
