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Period: to
Civil Rights
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13th Amendment
-- Abolished slavery in the United States, which emancipated African Americans from servitusde.
-- It was the first big act in the civil rights movement -
14th Amendment
-- Granted citizenship to all African Americans who were born or naturalized in the United States. This included people who had previously been slaves.
--It declared every citizen equal under the law
-- Many African Americans used this amendment as validation in their fight for the civil rights. -
15th Amendment
-- Gave African American men the right to vote.
-- It was not completly effective at first because most African Americans were not able to pass the literacy tests and poll taxes that were required prior to voting.
-- This was still a big step forward in the Civil Rights Movement because it gave the African American people a say in who leads their country. -
Plessey vs. Ferguson
-- Plessy was arrested for refusing to sit in the colored section of the train because he was only 1/8th African American. He brought the case to trial claiming his arrest was a violation of the 13th and 14th Amendment, but the Louisiana and the Supreme Court both disagreed and proved him guilty.
-- This case officialy istitutionalized the "seperate but equal" doctrine. -
19th Amendment
-- After many years of fighting for woman sufurage, woman finally recieved the right to vote. -
Executive Order of 1948
-- Stated that all members of the Armed Forces shall be treated equally, despite their race, color, religion, or nationality. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
-- This case ended legal segregation in the public schooling system.
-- The case began when Oliver Brown tried to enroll his daughter in an "all white school" and was not accepted. His young daughter had to walk several blocks and cross a railroad crossing in order to get to school, even though there was another "white school" juts a block over. -
Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat
- Rosa parks refused to give her seat on the bus to a white person. This was against the law, she was arrested but inspired but many African Americans to fight for their rights as citizens.
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
-- This was a protest that lasted 13 months. African Americans protested by not riding the buses, they simply carpooled or walked.
-- It ended when the African Americans could ride the buses as freely as the whites. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
--This Civil Rights Act restarted civil rights in the united states, begining with voting rights -
24th Amendment
-- It abolished the poll tax and removed many of the qualifications needed to vote, except for age and citizenship. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
--Equality it employment took a new stand, African Americans could no longer be denied a job just because the color of their skin
--This act also focused on equalizing voting rights and registration for children in schools -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
-Literacy tests are elminated
-In the south, registration for African Americans triple -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
-- This act eliminated segregation against homeowners and renters, people could no longer be segregated against buying a home because of race, religion or national origin
--A variety of homes would now be availble to African Americans
