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White Primary
The White Primary were big elections held in the Southern United States in which whites were the only voters allowed to participate. This was discluding the African-Americans from primary elections and the political press. Other methods like this were used like literacy tests and poll tax. https://law.justia.com/constitution/us/amendment-15/04-white-primary.html -
Integrate Armed Forces (Executive Order 9981)
This was an order issued by president Harry S. Truman, which abolished racial discrimination in the United States. This order stated:“that there shall be equality of treatment and opportunity for all persons in the armed services without regard to race, color, religion or national origin.” Whites and African-Americans were both allowed to serve in the U.S. military. https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=84 -
Brown v. Board of Education
This was a Supreme Court case that successfully overturned the "separate but equal" decision made in Plessy v. Ferguson. Brown opposed the segregation laws which separate the blacks and whites. However, the Board of Education were being threatened by adults funding the school that they would try and shut them down. http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/brown-v-board-of-education-of-topeka -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
This event occurred after Rosa Parks was arrested for refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger. One day later, the WPC called for a one-day bus boycott on December 5. 60% of people were estimated to come however, an whopping 90%-100% of the black community in Montgomery participated in the boycott. http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/montgomery-bus-boycott -
Sibley Commission
In 1955, the General Assembly decided to cut off state funds to systems that integrated its schools. The Governor was forced to choose between closing the public schools or desegregating the school. However, The Sibley Commission created surveys asking people about desegregating the schools and after they would report them back to the Federal Government. The surveys revealed that most people wanted the schools to be shut down if not integrated. crdl.usg.edu -
Albany Movement
The Albany Movement was a desegregation alliance formed in Albany, Georgia The organization was led by William G. Anderson, a local black Doctor. In December 1961, Martin Luther King Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference began assisting the Albany Movement with protests against racial segregation. The Albany Movement failed to accomplish its goals, however It was credited as a key lesson in strategy and tactics for the Civil Rights Movement. http://www.blackpast.org -
March on Washington
The March on Washington was a massive protest march taking place on August 1963, when around 250,000 people gathered in front of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. The event was created to draw attention to conquering challenges and inequalities faced by African Americans even a century after emancipation. It was also the occasion of Martin Luther King Jr.’s iconic “I Have A Dream” speech. https://www.britannica.com/event/March-on-Washington -
Birmingham AL protests
In spring of 1963, activists in Birmingham, Alabama launched one of the widest known campaigns of the Civil Rights Movement. The Birmingham Campaign. It was the beginning of a series of sit-ins, marches and boycotts on downtown merchants to protest segregation laws in the city. Over the next couple months, these peaceful demonstrations led to violent attacks by dogs and horses. http://www.blackpast.org/aah/birmingham-campaign-1963 -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex or national origin. It is considered one of the best legislative achievements of the civil rights movement. http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-act -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
The Voting Rights Act of 1965 shot to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prohibited African Americans from exercising their right to vote under the Fifteenth Amendment. The act widened the franchise and is contemplated one of the most significant pieces of civil rights legislation in U.S. history. https://www.britannica.com/event/Voting-Rights-Act
