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Period: to
Civil RIghts
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White Primary Abolished in GA
Southern states began using the white primary as a way of limiting African Americans in the politics. White primary was used to keep blacks from voting after the Civil War. The white primary was a loophole that practically banned blacks from voting in primary elections. This exclude African-Americans from some elections. This violated the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments. In 1946, the US Supreme Court ruled the white primary system unconstitutional. http://tw0.us/RH Picture:http://tw0.us/VR -
Integration of Armed Forces
In January President Truman decides to end segregation in the armed forces. A. Philip Randolph says the plan of the League for Non-Violent Civil Disobedience Against Military Segregation. A few months later, President Truman officially ended segregation in the armed forces with his executive order. On July 26, 1948,Truman signed Executive Order 9981. http://tw0.us/Vm Picture:http://tw0.us/Vl -
Brown vs. Board of Education
It overturned the “separate but equal” doctrine created by the Plessy decision. The Supreme Court ruled that having separate schools for black and white children was unconstitutional. This violated thr Fourteenth AMendment. The outcome of this trail was that schools began becoming segregated. The four states mainly involved were Kansas, South Carolina, Delaware, and Virginia. http://tw0.us/RL
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Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott http://tw0.us/Vc pic: http://tw0.us/SC
Rosa Parks was arrested for not standing and allowing a white bus rider to take her seat. At that time, it was a rule that African-Americans must get out of their seat and allow a white bus rider to take it if needed. When she was asked to move, she simply didn’t argue or move. She just sat there and soon was arrested. Although she was not the first person to be arrested for this crime, she was one of the first in this community. On December 5, 1955, African Americans boycotted buses. -
Change to Georgia's State Flag
In 1956 Georgia's flag was changed. John Sammons Bell, Jefferson Lee Davis, and Willis Harden introduced the flag. Some thought it was to honor the centennial of the Civil War and others thought in was a symbol for Georigia's resistance to integration. Facts from PPT on Angel. Picture: http://scv674.org/gaflagfacts.htm -
Crisis at Central Highschool and the "Little Rock Nine" http://tw0.us/SF Picture: http://tw0.us/Vd
On September 23, the police escorted the "Rock Nine", nine African American students, inside Central Highschool. When the mob learned the blacks were inside, they began move toward the school with shouts and threats. The school staff moved the black students out a side door before the day ended. A few days later, they entered the school surrounded by the ary forces. In spite of the abuse, the bomb threats, and all other disruptions to the learning environment one member graduated. -
Hebrew Benevolent Congregation in ATL bombed http://tw0.us/Vo Picture:http://tw0.us/Vp
On Octuber 11, there was a call warning UPI about the bombing but it wasn't taken seriously. The next morning, fifty sticks of dynamite blow up the side of the of the building. No one was hirt or killed but it was one of Atlanta's oldest and wealthiest synagogues. General Gordon of the Confederate Underground called later claiming that they will bomb any night clubs that refused to fire their Negroe workers and communist organazations. Later on, five men were tried and acquitted of the bombing. -
Sibley Commission Picture: http://plazamypwiki.wikispaces.com/Segregation+and+Women's+Roles
Since most state schools refused to integrate and GA's Assembly cut off state funding to schools who did integrate, the Sibley Commision was created. WHen they interviewed people to see how they felt about integration, most responded that they'd rather have a school shut down than be integrated. The Sibley Commision allowed the schools to decide for themselves on if they'd rather shut down or integrate. Because of this, many private schools opened for only whites. Facts from PPT on Angel. -
Integration of The University of Georgia
Escorted by police, black students, Charalyne Hunter and Hamilton Holmes, arrived at the UGA campus. Everyone begged the Govenor to close the school rather than allowing them to come. Even though in his election he promised to stop desegration, he allowed them to attend at the school. Later on both students graduated. Facts from PPT on Angel. Picture: http://the60sat50.blogspot.com/2011/01/wednesday-january-11-1961-integration.html -
Freedom Rides www.core-online.org/History/freedom rides.htm picture: http://www.siena.edu/pages/179.asp?item=252127
NAACP and SNCC tested the desegregation of public transportation throughout the south. Seven blacks and six whites boarded two public buses that were headed from Washington, D.C. to the south. In the first few days, the riders came across small problems, but later on the riders were severely beaten and harrassed for the remainder of the time. . When they arrived in Mississippi, they were stopped by the police. Even though their ride had ended, they inspired dozens more Freedom Rides to happen. -
Albany Movement
In November Freedom Rides started. The arrests of Freedon Riders prompted the Albany Movement. The head of this was Dr. WIlliam Anderson. In December when they arrived in Albany, the were arrested. This went on for months and over 500 people were arrested. Although there wasn't immediate desegregation in Albany, a committee was formed to research the concerns of blacks in Albany. Facts from PPT on Angel. Picture: http://tw0.us/Ve -
Birmingham, AL protests
In April of 1963, MLK, the SCLC, and ACMHR joined together to protest. They were protesting for voting rights. These protests ranged from sit-ins to marches. Hundreds were arrested. MLK was included with those who were arrested and this is where he writes his famous "Letter from Birmingham Jail".The protesters were beat by police officers, hosed with fire hoses, and attacked by attack dogs. http://tw0.us/Ur -
March on Washington DC http://tw0.us/VS Pic:http://tw0.us/VT
Thousands of people were apart of this march including A. Philip Randolph, MLK, James Farmer, John Lewis and Roy Wilkins. They were marching for jobs and freedom. This is where MLK delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech. The police officers, citizens, and politicians in Washington, DC were impressed by the march, because everyone was peaceful. After the march, MLK and other civil rights leaders met with President Kennedy, and the promised to support the civil right rights bill. -
16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham bombed
Early that Sunday morning, members of the Klu Klux Klan planted a box of dynamite under the steps of the church. The church was a target because it supported integration. While children of the church were walking into the basement, the bomb exploded. Four girls were killed and twenty-two were injured. The explosion blew a hole in the church's rear wall, destroyed the back steps and all but one stained-glass window, which showed Christ leading a group of little children. http://tw0.us/Vr -
President John F. Kennedy Assassination
President JFK was assassinated while driving around in Dallas, Texas. Hw and his wife were strolling around the city in a back of there limo. While he was waving to a crowd of people, he was shot in the neck. Lee Harvry Oswell had shot him from the sixth floor of the plaza with a rifle. Kennedy died one day later in the hospital. http://tw0.us/VV http://tw0.us/VW Picture: http://tw0.us/VX -
Civil Rights Act 1964 passed
This act ended voting regrestraion requirments and segregation in public places. This included schools, restraunts and hotels. This act was signed by by President Lyndon Johnson and other civil rights leaders. President Lynfon Johnson passed it in honor of President JFK. http://tw0.us/V3 Picture: http://tw0.us/Vf -
Voting Rights Act of 1965 passed
It said the federal government had to oversee voter registration and elections in counties that had used tests to determine voter eligibility. It also banned discriminatory literacy tests and expanded voting rights. This act was signed by Lyndon B. Johnson. http://tw0.us/Vv Picture:http://tw0.us/Vw -
Summerhill Race Riot (Atlanta)
There was a four day riot in Summerhill. It all started when a police officer shot a suspected car thief. Thousands of people were involved. The result of the riot was one dead, many injured, and frustrations of lower-income African Americans. http://tw0.us/Vg http://tw0.us/Vh Picture: http://tw0.us/Vi -
MLK assassinated
MLK was assassinated in a motel in Memphis, TN. by James Earl Ray. While he was standing on the second floor balcony, he was shoot in the cheek. He was rushed to the hospital but soon died. His funeral was at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta. Becuase Georgia is his hometown, his death impacted us greatly. http://tw0.us/Vj Picture: http://tw0.us/Vk -
all GA Schools Integrated
ALthough GA schools started to integrate in 1961, all schools weren't integrated until ten years later. This is because many goergian schools didn't want to follow the courts' rules when it came to segregation and integration. What finally made all schools integrate was the court ruling in 1970. http://tw0.us/SX Picture: http://tw0.us/Vy
