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Gandhi
A political and ideological leader of India during the Indian independence movement. Won India's independence through solely peaceful means. -
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Juan Peron
Three times elected as President of Argentina. He was a military officer and politician. He was praised in his efforts to eliminate poverty and to dignify labor. -
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WWI
World War I, or the Great War, was the major war that was centered on Europe involving the world's great powers- the Allies and the Central Powers. Centered on the MILITARY, and not the civilians. Started due to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, causing a chain of events from unknown alliances and treaties, developing into a giant World War. Allies victorious, Treaty of Versailles written. -
Russian Revolution
Feburary- Tsar was deposed and replaced by a provisional government. Focused around Petrograd- members of the Imperial parliament assumed control of country.
October- Provisional Government removed and replaced with a Bolshevik (Communist) government. Bolshevik party led by Vladimir Lenin overthrew the Provisional Government. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany. -
Wilson's fourteen points.
Woodrow Wilson, the President of the United States during WWI, made a speech called "Fourteen Points" infront of a congress on this date. Some of The Fourteen Points consisted of
1- Open Covenants of Peace (no secret alliances.)
2- Absolute freedom for naval navigation outside territorial waters.
3- Removal of economic barriers- equality of trade. -
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League of Nations
Founded as a result of the Paris Peace Conference- the first permanent international security organization. However, US didn't like it, so a lot of other countries didn't like it either. Existed up until the United Nations was founded. -
Treaty of Versailles
A peace treaty at the end of WWI that ended the state war between Germany and the Allied Powers. It required Germany to accept full responsibility for the war and full responsibility in reparing all that was lost. Germany's financial, social, and political blow due to the hardships this treaty caused were almost irreparable. -
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Chinese Civil War
Civil war fought between the Kuomintang (Chinese Nationalist Party), the Republic of China party, and the Communist Party of China. This eventually led to the splitting of China into North and Southern regions: Republic of China, People's Republic of China. -
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The Great Depression
Worldwide economic depression that lasted about a decade preceding World War II. U.S. stocks crashed on Black Tuesday- October 29th. It had devastating effects on every country. -
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Adolf Hitler
Leader of Germany, Hitler was responsible for the genocide of 6 million jews, the start of the war, development of the Nazi Party, and the fall of Germany thereafter. -
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WWII
Second world war which involved most of the world's nations, Allies and Axis. There was a mass death of civilians, including the Holocaust, and use of nuclear weapons. Deadlist conflict in human history. Resulted in the victory of the Allies, demobilization of Japan, Germany, and other Axis countries. -
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Joseph Stalin's 5- year plans.
During his time in office Joseph Stalin tried to innitiate 5-year plans in becoming and industrialized country. He improved the economy dramatically, and ruined the environment tragically. -
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Mao Zedong and Maoism
Leader of the Chinese Communist Party. He led the Communists on the Long March and rebuilt the Communist Party and Red Army during the Japanese occupation of China . After World War II, he led the Communists to victory over the Guomindang. He ordered the Cultural Revolution in 1966. Maoism is a form of Marxist communist theory. political and military guiding ideology of the Communist Party. -
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Mao Zedong
A Chinese revolutionary, guerrilla warfare strategist, poet, political theorist, and leader of the Chinese Revolution. 1st Chairman of the Communist Party of China. -
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Cold War
Lasting tensions for WWII mainly between Russia and America. Filled with terror and threats with nuclear warfare. -
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Indian Independence and Creation of Pakistan
Viscount Louis Mountbatten announced the partitioning of the British Indian Empire into India and Pakistan. On 14 August 1947, Pakistan was declared a separate nation from India. On 15 August 1947, India became an independent nation. Led to a many violent clashes between Hindus and Muslims. -
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Consisting of most of North America and Western Europe, NATO is a defense system if any outside force where ever to decide to attack one of them. Capitalist and Free-market societies. -
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Korean War
Military conflict between South and North Korea. South Korea being supported by the United Nations, and North Korea being supported by the People's Republic of China. The result was the physical division of Korea. -
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Warsaw Treaty (Pact)
Consisting of northern Eastern Europe. Another mutual defence treaty by eight communist states. -
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Vietnam War
A war between North and South Vietnam. North pushing south to be communist. U. S. tried to help the Southern Vietnam, but due to southerners being on northerners side it was unsuccessful. Today Vietnam is one, communist, country. -
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The Great Leap Forward
An economic and social campaign that aimed to use China's population to change the country from an agrarian economy to a modern communist society. Led by Mao Zedong, based on the Theory of Productive Forces. -
Bay of Pigs Invasion
The Bay of Pigs Invasion was a failed mission by Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba, encouraged by the US government, in an attempt to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro. The Cuban armed forces defeated the invading combatants within three days. -
Cuban Missle Crisis
Russia started to set up a missle bases that was able to strike most of the continental United States, resulting in the U. S. finding out and DESTROYING THEM. -
Helsinki Accords
Thirty five states including the USA, CANADA, and all European states except for a couple got together and signed the declaration in an attempt to improve relations between the Communist bloc and the West. -
Iranian (Islamic) Revolution
The establishment of the Islamic Republic after the overthrow of the monarchy. :) -
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Iran-Iraq War
Began when Iraq invaded Iran to replace Iran as dominant Persian Gulf state after years of border disputes and fears of Shia insurgency. Ended with UN ceasefire. -
Tiananmen Square
Protests in Beijing were held in Tiananmen Square in a protest of the death of a party official. The protests turned into a mass movement for political reform in support of liberization. It was a peaceful gathering, but the government responded vilently. Killing many innocent lives. -
Berlin Wall fell
The Berlin Wall, a physical barrier separating East and West Berlin, was seperated the two sides for decades, East Berlin being completely trapped, unable to return to their families on the other side. It fell on August 19th when a number of people literally tore it apart, symbolizing the fall of communist rule in Berlin. -
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Dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Occured in it's economy, social and political structure. Soviet Federal Government destructed, USSR's republics independentized. -
Reunification of Germany
German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic of Germany when Berlin reunited into a single city. -
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Nelson Mandela
A President of South Africa and was first to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. Was an anti-apartheid activist. After 27 years in prison he led his party in the negotiations that led to multi-racial democracy. -
September 11, 2001
U. S. Attacked by Muslim extremest. Ran planes into the Twin Towers in New York City, killing about 3 thousand of people. Started a war on Terror. President George W. Bush was president during this time.
