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Period: Jan 1, 1301 to
Ottoman Empire
Ottoman EmpireThe Ottoman Empire was an Islamic state located in northwestern Anatolia, and was founded by Osman I. When Constantinople was conquered, this state became an actual empire in Istanbul. The Ottoman Empire was one of the most powerful empires in the world at its height, with a very large multinational, and multilingual empire. -
Period: Jan 1, 1340 to
Songhai Empire
Songhai EmpireThe Songhai Empire was relatively large, and dominated the Sahara coming from the South. It eventually became wealthy from the trans-Saharan trade and was ruled by an indigenous Muslim dynasty. Eventually, they were invaded by the North Western kingdom of Morocco. -
Period: Jan 1, 1394 to Jan 1, 1460
Prince Henry the Navigator
Prince Henry the NavigatorPrince Henry the Navigator was a Portuguese royal prince, who sent many expeditions towards Africa’s west coast. He sent those expeditions to create maps of West Africa, attack the Muslims, and the help spread Christianity. -
Jan 1, 1441
Beginning of Portuguese Slave Trade
The first slaves were brought to Prince Henry the Navigator in 1441 from West coast African cities, and from that point, the practice of capturing slave was eased, and trading slaves became a normal thing. Eventually, some cities only had slaves to trade with Portugal, which led to the transfer of nearly 11,863,000 Africans over an extended amount of time. -
Period: Jan 1, 1444 to Jan 1, 1481
Reign of Mehmed the Conqueror
Mehmed the Conqueror Mehmed the Conqueror ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1444, to September 1446, and also from February 1451, to 1481. He conquered Constantinople, which lead to the end of the Byzantine Empire. He was the first Sultan to enforce criminal and constitutional laws, and also founded many colleges and universities within Constantinople. -
Period: Jan 1, 1464 to Jan 1, 1492
Reign of Sunni Ali
Sunni AliSunni Ali was the first king of the Songhai empire of West Africa, and it was also during his rule, where Songhai became more powerful than the Mali Empire. He was also the first ruler to allow both Muslim and non-Muslims co-exist, during a time where the co-existence of different beliefs was being challenged. -
Period: Jan 1, 1466 to Jun 1, 1520
Moctezuma
Moctezuma Moctezuma was the last of the Aztec Emperors. It was during his reign, where the Aztec Empire reached its biggest size. Moctezuma continuously expanded the territory through warfare. Moctezuma was killed during the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs, by Hernan Cortez. -
Period: Jan 1, 1481 to Jan 1, 1488
Dias' voyage into Indian Ocean
Dias' Voyage Into Indian Ocean In 1481, Dias was appointed as the head of an expedition towards Asia, to find out if they could find a trade route to Asia. Eventually, Dias sailed into the Indian Ocean, realizing that it was possible to trade with Asia, and turned back towards Portugal. On his way back, he also realized that he had discovered the Cape of Good Hope. -
Period: Nov 10, 1483 to Feb 18, 1546
Martin Luther
Martin LutherMartin Luther was a German monk, priest, and professor of theology, and was a major figure in the Protestant Reformation. He strongly disagreed with the idea of indulgences, which resulted in him writing the 95 Theses. Luther taught people that salvation is earned as a gift from God through faith in Jesus Christ, rather than doing good deeds. -
Period: Jan 1, 1492 to Jan 1, 1493
Columbus' First Voyage
Columbus's First Voyage When Columbus returned from his voyage to the Caribbean, he had written a letter to King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, informing them that the lands that he has found, would be very easy to conquer, and that the inhabitants might become Christian. This allowed many people throughout Europe to know that there is other land out there. -
Period: Jan 1, 1493 to
Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange The Columbian Exchange began shortly after Columbus had discovered the New World. It was during this period when the New world and the Old world traded livestock, plants, people, and diseases. Although the introduction of these new diseases rapidly spread, there were still some benefits of the Columbian Exchange. -
Period: Jan 1, 1501 to
Safavid Empire
Safavid EmpireThey were very similar to the Ottoman Empire, disregarding the fact that they were rivals. Their religion was Shi'ite Muslim, and neglected the belief of Sunni branch of Islam. Eventually, most of their practices were spread throughout the Middle East. In the end, they succumbed to the Portuguese empire, like many of the other empires. Eventually, their textile trade failed, which led to political and economic problems. -
Period: Jul 10, 1509 to May 27, 1564
John Calvin
John CalvinJohn Calvin was a French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation. He was the main figure for the development of the Christian branch named Calvinism. He argued that salvation was given to those who were “predestined.” -
Period: Feb 1, 1519 to Aug 10, 1521
Spanish conquest of Mexico
Spanish Conquest of MexicoThe Spanish were after gold, and when they heard there were cities of gold, they conquered those cities trying to get rich. They made the natives search for their gold, but were unsuccessful, and the natives thought the Spanish were gods. The Spanish had technologies and weapons that the natives had never seen before, and the Mexicans were deceived into thinking the Spanish were their friends, but eventually were overthrown by them. -
Period: Sep 20, 1520 to Sep 5, 1566
Reign of Suleyman the Magnificent
Suleyman the MagnificentSuleiman the Magnificent completely reconstructed the Ottoman legal system, and doing so, he also led the Ottoman armies to conquer the Christian regions of Rhodes, Belgrade, and most of Hungary. -
Period: Jan 1, 1527 to
Mughal Dynasty
The Mughal DynastyThe Mughal Dynasty was an empire within the Indian subcontinent, whose rulers were Muslims, and were direct descendants of Genghis Khan. At the height of their power, most of the subcontinent was under their control. The golden age of architecture began under Shah Jahan, and many famous monuments were built (including the Taj Mahal), which influenced the subcontinent. -
Period: Oct 15, 1542 to
Reign of Akbar
Reign of AkbarAkbar was the third emperor of the Mughal empire, and he created one of the biggest armies during his reign. He encouraged trade and also received money due to him taxing the passage over to places like Mecca. He also granted the Portuguese some power in ocean trade, but they had to take Muslims to Mecca for their pilgrimage without having to pay anything to them. -
Period: Jan 1, 1545 to Jan 1, 1563
Council of Trent
Council of TrentThe Council of Trent was located in where the name implies, Trent, located in northern Italy. In about 25 sessions between 1545 and 1563, they distinguished proper Catholic doctrines from Protestant "errors." -
Period: Jan 1, 1564 to
Galileo Galilei
Galileo Galilei Galileo played a major role in the Scientific Revolution, as he created the telescope, which allowed him to discover craters on the moon and sunspots. He also set a new view of the universe. He experimented many theories, and his experiments also provided the basic framework of many other people, including Isaac Newton. -
Period: to
Tokugawa Shogunate
Tokugawa ShogunateThe Tokugawa Shogunate was the first to establish political unity and economic integration within Japan. During this time, the military became more involved with the needs of the state, and became more educated. By the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate, Japan became much more modernized. -
Period: to
Thirty Years' War
Thirty Years' WarThe Thirty Years War began due to the German Catholics and Protestants arguing over their rights and how their power was disputed. This eventually allowed the practice of there being more than one religious practice at once. Towards the end of this, the concept of the balance of power was introduced. -
Period: to
John Locke
John LockeJohn Locke argued in his “Second Treatise of Civil Government,” that rulers shouldn’t be granted absolute authority by divine right, and that rulers’ power should be under the consent of the people. He also claimed that rulers were subject to the law, just like everyone else, and it was the people’s responsibility to rebel. -
Period: to
Qing Dynasty
Qing DynastyThe Qing Dynasty (also known as the Empire of the Great Qing or Great Qing), was the last imperial dynasty of China. In the year 1644, the Manchu family conquered China and thus created the Qing dynasty. They adopted Chinese institutions and philosophy much more than the Yuan Dynasty and were more conservative and adamant than the Ming Dynasty. -
Period: to
Manchus Empire
Manchus EmpireThe Manchu family conquered China, thus creating the Qing Empire shortly after they conquered the Ming. Even though they were considered as barbarians, they created much intellectual research. On the downside, they also they took advantage of the Ming rebellion. -
Period: to
Peter the Great
Peter the GreatPeter the Great (also known as Peter I) was the greatest of the Romanovs. He made drastic changes to decrease Russia’s state of isolation, and advanced the Russian Empire’s size and power. He was admired for his achievements by removing its Asian cultural connections from Russia. The goal of his western strategy was to strengthen both the Russian State, and the power of the tsar. -
Period: to
England’s Glorious Revolution
England's Glorious RevolutionThe Glorious Revolution occurred in Europe, and was the overthrow of King James II in 1688. The government and the people didn’t think King James II was suitable to be the king any longer, so William and Mary then took over, and the Glorious Revolution established the victory of Parliament over the King. The Parliament limited the ruler’s power and issued the Bill of Rights. -
Period: to
Russian Empire
Russian EmpireRussia became enlarged promptly to construct an empire that extended from eastern Europe across northern Asia and into North America. By 1750, Russia developed into one of the superior powers of Europe, who had excellent armies that were able to challenge its Asian and European neighbors.
