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Period: Jun 17, 1300 to
Ottoman Empire
It was founded by Osman after the fall of the Byzantine Empire. Their military help them spread as far as they did, and concentrated their wars on the Christians. They also facilitated some of the trade that was going on. The Ottomans let people trade as long as they reconized their authority. They did have a small war against the Portuguese, but at the end, the Portuguese gained control of some of trading ports. -
Period: Nov 13, 1340 to
Songhai Empire
An empire in the South Eastern part of Africa took much of trading during its time. It also participated in the world wide trade of reasourses, but also people. Later on its main focus was in agricultue. Also the empire took and end when it suffered invasions from Moroccan armies. -
Nov 5, 1441
Portuguese slave trade starts
Also known as the African Slave Trade, people from Africa to work in plantations. This was mostly in the area of Brazil and the Caribbean. Because of this trade, most of these places have people of African disen in modern days. But it did cause the lives of many people that were taken into slavery. -
Nov 13, 1445
Henry the navigator
Henry the Navigator gave much emphasis to exploration, even though he never ventured farther than North Africa. because of this strong importance he gave it, he opened his own school of navigation in portugal. And also contributed to the spread of christianity from all of these travels. -
Nov 18, 1453
Reign of Mehmed the Conqueror
Sultan to the Ottoman empire was known for doing and attack on Constantinople. Because of this succesful attack, Constantinople fell afer an 1100 year rule. this made the Ottomans seem powerful. -
Sep 18, 1462
The reign of Sunni Ali
1464-1492
Was known to be a great ruler, but also enhancing the trade of reasources and slaves. Another thing was that he tried to unify the people by one culture. He did this will oral tradition and the importance it had in ancient times. -
Nov 16, 1488
Dias' voyage into Indian Ocean
He was the first Portuguese explorer to round the southern tip of Africa all the way to the Indian Ocean. This was mainly because of finding trade route that doesn't go into Muslim land. Later on this influenced many other voyages like Vasco da Gama. -
Nov 5, 1492
Columbus First Voyage
The purpose of this voyage was to find a faster trade route to India to advoid Muslims, after the spanish inquistion. But instead, he found what is know known as the Caribbean. Columbus thought is was India everytime he went there, but he did open a new place to start trade with. -
Nov 15, 1493
The Columbian Exchange
Trading started after 1492
This was the exchange of people, animals, plants, and diseases. Transfered back to the old and new world that created a boost in the ecomomy. It created labor, and a more diverse diet for people like in Europe. But because of this, many of the Native Americans where killed by disease or forced labor. The Columbian Exchange was the start of various other trading and problems for both areas. -
Period: Nov 13, 1498 to Nov 13, 1499
Reign of Sunni Ali
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Nov 5, 1502
Moctezuma
1502-1520(reign)
He was the last Aztec Emperor during the conquest of Hernan Cortes. Moctezuma spread his empire through warfare, this caused many rivals by neighboring tribes. -
Period: Nov 15, 1502 to
Safavid Empire
They were like the Ottoman Empire, even though they were rivals themselves. Their religious practice was Shi'ite Muslim, and neglected the belief of sunni muslim. Later on most of what they practiced was spread through out middle east to places like Baghdad. In the end they sufftered from what most other empires did as well, from Portuguese invasion. Since they didn't have a navy, they conquested part of the Persian Gulf. its long time textle trade failed, bringing economic and political problem -
Nov 15, 1519
Martin Luther
1483-1546
He was a religious professor, and also objected to the use of indulgences. Because of his preaching about this later on, it caused a split in the church. Luther inspired the Protestant Reformation, that lead to large amounts of changes of how people viewed the church in Europe. -
Nov 17, 1519
Spanish conquest of Mexico
Both of the spanish conquest started with civilizations, like the Aztec and Maya's. These civilizations were both wiped out by the supierior weapons and dieases that the Spanish brought with them. Later on we understand that the Spanish drained their reasouces, used them for labor, and helped start a world wide trade. -
Nov 17, 1521
Reign of Suleiman the Magnificent
1520-1566
He was son of Selim the 1st, and also was known of commanding the assault on Christian Europe. Suleiman conquered Belgrade and later set sights for Vienna. Later on in his reign, it was seen as a golden age since the imperial worked almost perfectly. -
Period: Nov 13, 1526 to
Mughal Dynasty
The Mughal Dynasty was the mongol rule in India, at the time the mongols spread their empire. They had a successful rule with the reign of Akbar, but later on faced conflict. Religions of Muslim and Hinduism was in constant war in between which would be the major religion. This reign later when one ruler couldnt maintain the empire. Later on recieved rule from regional powers. -
Nov 16, 1545
The Council of Trent
This was one of the important coucils in the Roman Catholic Church. They basically was a meeting on how the people of the church would deal with events that were occuring. This was later on important as they were involved in the counter-reformation from the results of the Catholic Reformation. -
Nov 15, 1546
John Calvin
1509-1564
Quit law to study theology, he became a influential Protestant leader. Calvin was inspired by Luthers teachings on how the church should act. He thought that the right to go to heaven or hell is "predestined", humant faith couldn't give salvation. Also Calvin invented governing committees, this later became its seperate church as well. -
Period: Nov 13, 1556 to
Reign of Akbar
He was the emperor of the Mughal empire, he also gave much power that was suppost to be to Muslims to Hindus. Akbar created one of the biggest armies in the reign, as well as make the ecomomy stronger. He encourage trade and also got money from taxing the passage over to places like Mecca.Then he granted the Portuguese some power in ocean trade even though ,in return they had to take muslims for the pilgrimage without fee. Akbar helped the Portugese start controling some of the trade. -
Tokugawa Shogunate
The Tokugama Shogunate was the first to establish political unity and economic intergration in Japan than in the past. During this reign the military was adapted to the needs of the state, and more educated. By the end of the Tokugawa Shogunate, Japan had closely modernized themselves. -
Galileo Galilei
1564-1642
Galileo was a astronomer that took part in the Scientific Revolution. He built a teloscope and saw that everything wasn't exactly spheres. Galileo discoverd that the moon had valleys and hills. Also sun had spots, as well as there being other planets. This caused a whole new point of view of how people viewed the universe besides the churches thought. -
Period: to
thirty years war
This caused the long lasting depopulation and economic decline in much of the Holy Roman Empire. It started between the German Catholics and Protestants over their rights and how power would be given. Thus later granted later the practice of there beign multiple reiligous practices. In the end, besides this war,came out the prinicple of balanced of power. -
England's Glorious Revolution
(1642-1649)
This was also known as the English Civil War, that was one of the first wars that wasn't really bloody. This was by King Charles when he refused Parliments strict guarantees that the king would never ignore the body's traditional rights again. Later he was replaced by General Oliver Cromwell. This later on resulted in England being a Constitutional Monarchy. -
Period: to
Qing Dynasty
A Manchu family started the Qing Empire, even though there were little people of this decent. They had overthrown the Ming Empire. The majority of its people were of ethnic Chinese, slowly they started to adopt that same culture. Their main goal was to basically fix China ecomomicaly and demographicaly. By the land they conquered they were able to establish many things in China untill the emperor was over thrown. -
Period: to
Manchus Empire
They conquered the Chinese and created the Qing Empire shortly after they conquered the Ming. Considered aa barbarians, they led a number of intelletual reasearch. But also they took advantage of the Ming rebellion. -
John Locke
1632-1704
He was an English political philosopher that gave much contribution to the Enlightenment. Locke argued that the rulers are a subject to the law and authority shouldn't be given by divine right. This resulted later on in a rebellion for civil rights and caused a major change in the government. -
Peter the Great
1689-1725
He tried to make major changes to stop Russias isolation and increase the empire's power. This led to more trading with the west and them straying away from their asian culture. Because of this the empire grew stronger and broke away from its medieval practices. -
Period: to
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire had small beggings, but had always seemed to have been moving backwards. For most of its time it had lived in a feudalistic way of life. It took many years for it to actually go forward. Like Peter the Great trying to constantly move it forward, which resulted into trade and separtation from their asian ties. But also resulting in changes, from adopting many customs later on to war.
