Unit 3A Timeline

Constantinople named largest city of the Byzantium empire

330

The Emperor Constantine the Great, defeated Byzantium's Emperor New Rome, then changed to name of it to the city of Constantinople. The city eventually become the most wealthy city as it sat right on the Bosporus Strait giving great access to markets and safety.

Split between eastern and western empire

395

Before splitting, the empire started in Rome and expanded its way through the Mediterranean. Overtime the empire found it difficult to keep power and began going into countless civil wars. This lead to the east and the west to split.

Muhammad was born

570

Muhammad was born in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. He was mainly known as the founder of the Islamic religion but he was also a Prophet. He founded the revelation of the Quran which is an important piece of the Muslims religion.

Muhammad Dies

632

The Great Muhammad died in Madinah, Saudi Arabia. After his death many Arabian tribes were not pleased with Islamic cultures and rejected the people. He was never able to name the next successor which brought the Muslims into crisis

Sunni and Shia Split

632

After the death of Muhammad, two groups of Muslims, the Sunni and the the Shia couldn't decide who shall succeed the Prophet Muhammad. Sunnis had a less elaborate religious hierarchy than the Shiites did therefore they disagreed about many aspects of the religions, therefore causing them to split. Sunnis still took up about 85% of the Muslin religion.

Umayyad Rises

661

The Umayyad Dynasty was located in Damascus Syria. It was the first ever Dynasty to rule the empire of the Caliphate. The Dynasty was mostly known for spreading the Islamic religion and the Arabic language

Height of the Byzantine empire begins

750

Many advances in the strength of military, religious influence, and the arts helped the empire thrive making it the most powerful force in the Middle ages. Italy and North Africa was reconquered from Germanic tribes making the city even stronger.

Rise of Abbasid

750

Centered in Baghdad, this Dynasty became the second dynasty of the Caliphate after it overthrew the Umayyad Dynasty. It pursued great intellectual and cultural developments during the golden age of Islam

King Charlemagne Ruled

768

From Aachen Austria, Charlemagne was the first ever emperor of the Romans in the Holy Roman Empire. His goals were to unite Europe as one and help restore the broken western Roman empire. He succeeded this and ended up influence more beyond physical borders of his territory.

Cordoba Caliphate

929

Cordoba Caliphate became is Muslim state in 929. It was under the Umayyad rule which helped transform it into a place of education and learning for the people. Eventually it became the second biggest city in Europe during the middle ages. In the city, Muslins, Jews, and Christians could all get along with on another.

Schism of 1054 begins

1054

Caused by the separation of the Catholic church and the eastern Orthodox, the schism took place in Rome in 1054. It was a religious dispute. There were issues between the church leaders including the Nicene Creed and the Papal authority. This time was significant because the Schism made the Western christians the Catholics and the Eastern side the Orthodox.

The Crusades begin

1096

Crusader armies left Europe and all took routes to get to Constantinople. They mainly did this to stop any expansion of Muslim States to re accumulate Christianity and re conquer territories that were originally christian. This was significant because it slowed the Islamic power and stopped west Europe from falling under Muslim rule.

Magna Carta was signed

1215

In Runnymede, King John signs the Magna Carta to confirm the principle that the king and the government are not above the law. The document limited Kings John's abilities to raise funds and to recognize ancient liberties. It provides free church, and reforms law and justice.

The Crusades ended

1291

Muslim was not disappearing in any way like they were trying to get rid of it but there were changes in Europe brought on by the Protestant Reformation. Martin Luther was in charge at this time and had no use for the Crusades. overall the Muslims won over the Roman Catholic Christians

Hundred Year War begins

1337

Started off as a conflict between France and England when Edward the Third invaded France to claim the spot to the throne and crown. The two countries had multiple religious and political disagreements that mainly caused the issues. This war lead to the deaths of almost 200 million people. The most significant result of this war was to make France and England both determined to avoid feeling defeated. This caused both countries to use up resources without thinking smartly.

Black Death Outbreak

1347

Deadliest Illness known to be in history which caused millions of deaths in the medieval times. It greatly affected the social and economical classes. It originated from central Asia, but was brought to Europe by small rodents that carried the disease of their backs.

Great Schism of Christian Church begins

1378

The Great Schism of 1378 or the papal schism was a split from the Roman Catholic Church located in Rome. Caused by the removal of the papacy from Italy to France, people who followed the two popes during this time were divided. French kings had influence over men chosen pope. Overall it was significant because it created a wide division within Europe.

The Great Schism of Christian Church ends

1417

After 39 years the Schism ends. Instead of having a theological argument, politics took charge and the Schism was then ended by the Council of Constance. Once pope Martin V was elected pope, the papacy no longer had power therefore the Schism no longer had purpose.

Hundred Year War ends

1453

The French eventually pushed back the English, which brought the war to its final stage. In a battle called the Battle of Castillion the French pulled off a victory using new tactics which ended all of England's claims to its territories. The war then ended after 100 years in battle.

Constantinople is Defeated

1453

The once rich and powerful city of Constantinople falls due to the invasion of the Ottoman Empire. Once these ottoman Turks took over, the city was then re- named Istanbul. The fall of Constantinople is the ending mark of the medieval times and the start of the modern period.