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Industrialization
The development of industries in a country or region on a wide scale. Provides more jobs to people. More production of goods. -
Urbanization
Population shift from rural to urban areas, "the gradual increase in the amount of people living in urban areas", and the ways in which each society adapts to the change. -
Political Machines
A political organization in which an authoritative boss or small group commands the support of a corps of supporters and businesses (usually campaign workers), who receive rewards for their efforts. -
Nativism
The policy of protecting the interests of native-born or established inhabitants against those of immigrants. Nativists objected primarily to Irish Roman Catholics because of their loyalty to the Pope and also because of their supposed rejection of republicanism as an American ideal. -
Populism & Progressivism
Progressivism is an up-down movement whereas populism is down-up in nature. Populism is an older campaign theory than progressivism. Those who follow or support progressivism are mostly elite, rich, and powerful politicians while those who support populism are the generally masses. -
Suffrage
Suffrage, political franchise, or simply franchise is the right to vote in public, political elections. The right to run for office is sometimes called candidate eligibility, and the combination of both rights is sometimes called full suffrage. -
Third Party Politics
A third party is any party contending for votes that failed to outpoll either of its two strongest rivals. The distinction is particularly significant in two-party systems. -
Susan B. Anthony
Was an American social reformer and women's rights activist. Played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement. She became a leading figure in the abolitionist and women's voting rights movement. -
Monroe Doctrine
Was a United States policy of opposing European colonialism in The Americas beginning in 1823. Created separate spheres of European and American influence. The United States promised to stay out of European business and told the Europeans to stay out of the Western Hemisphere's business. -
Initiative & Referendum
Allows citizens of many U.S. states to place new legislation on a popular ballot, or to place legislation that has recently been passed by a legislature on a ballot for a popular vote. Process that enables citizens to bypass their state legislature by placing proposed statutes and, in some states, constitutional amendments on the ballot. -
Indian Removal
Was a law that was signed by Pres. Andrew Jackson in 1830. It is signficant because it led to the eviction of Native Americans from their lands in the Southeast. It also led to them being forced to go to what is now Oklahoma in a movement known as the "Trail of Tears." -
Andrew Carnegie
American industrialist who made a fortune in the steel industry. One of the richest men to live. His net worth was US$309 billion in 2007 dollars, according to Forbes Magazine. -
Eugene V. Debbs
An American union leader, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World, and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States. Founded the American Railway Union. -
Clarence Darrow
An American lawyer, a leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union, and a prominent advocate for Georgist economic reform. -
Theodore Roosevelt
Theodore Roosevelt Jr. was an American statesman, author, explorer, soldier, and naturalist, who served as the 26th President of the United States from 1901 to 1909 . Established the Pure Food and Drug Act and the Meat Inspection Act -
William Jennings Bryan
Was an American orator and politician from Nebraska. He emerged as a dominant force in the Democratic Party, standing three times as the party's nominee for President of the United States. -
Ida B. Wells
An early leader in the Civil Rights Movement. Was an African-American journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist, sociologist, feminist, and Georgist. -
Homestead Act
The Homestead Act encouraged Western migration by providing settlers 160 acres of public land. In exchange, homesteaders paid a small filing fee and were required to complete five years of continuous residence before receiving ownership of the land. -
The Gilded Age
The period was glittering on the surface but corrupt underneath Played an important role in the development of the American society. The Gilded Age is a period of American history between 1870 and 1900 -
Civil Service Reform
Is a United States federal law, enacted in 1883, which established that positions within the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation. -
Haymarket Riot
The Haymarket affair was the aftermath of a bombing that took place at a labor demonstration on Tuesday May 4, 1886, at Haymarket Square in Chicago -
Dawes Act
The Dawes Act of 1887, adopted by Congress in 1887, authorized the President of the United States to survey American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians -
Klondike Gold Rush
The Klondike Gold Rush was a migration by an estimated 100,000 prospectors to the Klondike region of the Yukon in north-western Canada. The discovery of gold in the Yukon in 1896 led to a stampede to the Klondike region between 1897 and 1899. This led to the establishment of Dawson City (1896) and subsequently, the Yukon Territory (1898). -
Manifest Destiny
Was a widely held belief in the United States that its settlers were destined to expand across North America. Helped fuel western settlement, Native American removal and war with Mexico. As settlers moved west, natives were pushed off their tribal lands or forced into losing battles with the American military. -
Immigration & the American Dream
The American Dream is a national ethos of the United States, the set of ideals in which freedom includes the opportunity for prosperity and success, social mobility for the family and children, achieved through hard work in a society with few barriers. Summary citizenship ,education, a good job and home ownership. -
Pure Food and drug Act
For preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors, and for regulating traffic therein, and for other purposes. -
Upton Sinclair
American writer who wrote nearly one hundred books and other works in several genres. Sinclair's work was well known in the first half of the twentieth century, and he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1943.The Jungles publication aroused much public sentiment, which then led to federal legislation such as the Pure Food and Drug Act and improvements in working conditions for meat packers and other factory workers. -
Muck Cracker
The term referred to reform-minded American journalists who attacked established institutions and leaders as corrupt. They typically had large audiences in some popular magazines. Influential muckrakers created public awareness of corruption, social injustices and abuses of power. -
Dollar Diplomacy
It was a form of American foreign policy to further its aims in Latin America and East Asia through use of its economic power by guaranteeing loans made to foreign countries. -
16th Amendment
It gave Congress the authority to enforce income tax. The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration. -
17th Amendment
Established the popular election of United States Senators by the people of the states. Direct Election of U.S. Senators. Americans did not directly vote for senators for the first 125 years of the Federal Government. The Constitution, as it was adopted in 1788, stated that senators would be elected by state legislatures. -
Federal Reserve Act
Was a U.S. legislation that created the current Federal Reserve System. The Federal Reserve Act intended to establish a form of economic stability in the United States through the introduction of the Central Bank, which would be in charge of monetary policy. -
Jane Addams
Jane Addams, known as the "mother" of social work, was a pioneer American settlement activist/reformer, social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in women's suffrage and world peaceJane Addams was an advocate of immigrants, the poor, women, and peace. Author of numerous articles and books, she founded the first settlement house in the United States. -
18th Amendment
Prohibited the manufacturing, transportation and sale of alcohol within the United States; it would go into effect the following January. It is important to note that the 18th Amendment did not prohibit the consumption of alcohol, but rather simply the sale, manufacture, and transportation of alcoholic beverages. -
19th Amendment
Granted American women the right to vote, a right known as woman suffrage. At the time the U.S. was founded, its female citizens did not share all of the same rights as men, including the right to vote. Prohibiting any United States citizen to be denied the right to vote based on sex. It was ratified on August 18, 1920 after a long struggle known as the women's suffrage movement. -
Teapot Dome Scandal
Was a bribery incident that took place in the United States from 1921 to 1922, during the administration of President Warren G. Harding.
