-
Urbanization
Urbanization is the process of making an area more urban, increasing population, creating a city. Urbanization expanded fastest in 1800 through 1929. It led to industrialization which created many things like technological developments in construction, transportation, and light. Urbanization increases so much in this time period because of technological advancements, social changes, and the political system. -
Political Machines
Political machines were organizations that provided services and jobs in exchange of peoples election votes. It was usually a group of bosses and they would get awards for their efforts. -
Monroe Doctrine
A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere. -
Indian Removal
The Indian Removal Act was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830. It gave him permission to grant unsettled land west of Mississippi for Indians land. -
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny was the westward expansion of Americans. Americans believed they should own all territory between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. They pushed the Native Americans out and made some of them change their ways to become "normal". Americans moved west to live a better lifestyle, have more farming land and hope to become rich. The people who were already settled and were successful in the east or were poor, did not move west. -
Initiative and Referendum
Gives ability to remove an elected official from office. They can also enable voters, 26 states abide by this. -
Nativism
Nativism is similar to a person who is an anti-immigrant. It's a policy of favoring native inhabitants as opposed to immigrants. -
Bessemer Process
The bessemer process allowed the price of steel to drop dramatically and for its production to be done with relative ease. The process involved blowing cold air on red-hot iron in order to ignite the carbon and eliminate impurities. -
Industrialization
Industrialization is the development of industries. It marked a shift to powered, special purpose machinery, factories, and mass production. We were able to industrialize because we had an abundance of natural resources, large workforce, and free enterprise. -
Robber Baron
Robber baron was a metaphor used to criticize American business men who used unfair methods to become rich. They gained big profits by paying their employees very low wage. They won against competitors by selling things for cheaper than it was to make them and once most businesses were out prices would sky rocket up. -
Susan B. Anthony
She was president of the Workingwomen's Association which reported working women's condition and provided educational opportunities for them. She served on the board of trustees and wanted equal treatment/opportunity for boys and girls in school. She allowed woman to be able to get into the University of Rochester for the first time ever by giving the cash value of her life insurance policy. In the 1870's she campaigned for woman suffrages. -
The Gilded Age
This was a time when things were bad and we were corrupt, but people tried to hide it and make it seem like everything was fine. Mark Twain came up with the use of "gilded age" for this time. -
Andrew Carnegie
In the early 1870's he entered the steel business becoming a powerful force in the industry over the next 20 years. in 1901 he sold his company for $480 million. He the started donating his money for good causes, he funded more than 250,000 libraries, donated 7,600 organs to churches, funded organizations that researched science, education, and world peace, and funded the construction costs of Carnegie Hall a concert venue that opened in 1891. -
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
The Chinese Exclusion Act was approves May 6, 1882 it was the first significant law restricting immigration into the Unites States. It outlawed Chinese immigration for 10 years and denied naturalization rights in the U.S. to Chinese people. This was the first time an ethnic group was restricted from immigration. It was created to save jobs for Americans since Chinese would work for cheaper than Americans would. -
Haymarket Riot
Haymarket Riot was a nation wide strike in 1886 in hopes to get an 8 hour day. Strikers in Haymarket Square in Chicago were attacked by police and one man was killed. -
Dawes Act
The Dawes Act was adopted by Congress in 1887. This was really to change Native Americans and make them act "civil". They wanted them to change their whole lifestyle from the way they looked to the way the acted and went about things. -
Jane Addams
Jane Addams was a settlement house founder and peace activist. She moved into a mansion into an immigrant neighborhood where it became an experiment for philanthropy, political action, and social research. She also established a nursery, dispensary, kindergarten, playground, gym, and housing for young working woman. -
William Jennings Bryan
He became a Nebraska congressman in 1890. He became a leader of among free-silver Democrats. He captures the presidential nomination and was nominated by the populists, but ended up losing to William Mckinley. He later helped Woodrow Wilson secure Democratic presidential nomination for 1912 and became his secretary until 1914. After that he campaigned for peace, prohibition, and suffrage. -
Yellow Journalism
Yellow journalism is a style of newspaper that reported dramatic events. Their news is not researched well and they rely on dramatic headlines to sell their newspapers. -
Progressivism
People that supported progressivism were usually wealthier. They support improvement of the society by reform. It began as a social movement and changed into a political movement. -
Homestead Act
A strike that occurred because Henry Frick cut wages for the people that worked for him at the Carnegie Steel Company. 16 people were killed and 8,000 soldiers were sent in order to end it. -
Populism
People who support populism are usually just common/average people. It grew into a joint effort between farmer a labor groups against big business or machine based politics. It became a 3rd party in the election of 1892. -
Eugene V. Debs
He started the American Railroad Union in 1893 and was the leader of the Pullman Strike where rail workers refused to work on Pullman cars. -
Ida B. Wells
She formed civil rights organizations such as the National Association of Colored Woman and the National Association of the Advancement of Colored People. She called for President Woodrow Wilson to discriminatory hiring practices. She created the first African American kindergarten in her area and fought for woman's suffrage. -
Klondike Gold Rush
The Klondike Gold Rush started in 1896. Thousands of people migrates in harsh weather conditions to find gold in north-western Canada. -
Recall
Recall was a progressive ballot procedure allowing voters to remove elected officials from office through a direct vote before their term is over. -
Theodore Roosevelt
He was known for his anti-monopoly and ecological conservationism. He won the Noble Peace Prize for his part in ending Russo-Japanese War. In 1901 he became the youngest U.S. President after McKinley was assassinated. -
Upton Sinclair
Upton Sinclair was an activist writer. He wrote a book called The Jungle showing labor abuse and the unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry, which led to the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
The Pure Food and Drug Act started in 1906 and was made to protect the consumer. It was designed to prevent any drugs or food for being mislabeled or poisoned. -
Muckraker
Muckraker was a name given to young reporters of popular magazines in 1906. They researched things and made the public aware of problems that needed to be fixed. It was beneficial to people who were going through injustices. -
Social Gospel
This was a movement led by liberal protestant progressives because of social problems caused from industrialization, urbanization, and increasing immigrants. They demanded better living for the poor urban. -
Dollar Diplomacy
Dollar Diplomacy started in 1909 it guaranteed loans made by foreign countries. It involved investors instead of military. -
Federal Reserve Act
The Federal Reserve Act started in 1913. It created the Federal Reserve System made so we had a safer and more secure financial system. -
17th Amendment
The 17 Amendment changed the way that senators were voted for. At first state legislators would vote for the senators, but after the 17th amendment was passed senators were voted on by the people of the United States. The amendment also said that if a senate seat is not taken then the governor can choose who will fill that seat. -
16th Amendment
The 16th amendment allows congress to collect taxes on incomes from all Americans. It was ratified February 3, 1913. Income taxes allow the government to keep and army, build roads, and enforce laws. -
18th Amendment
The 18th Amendment prohibits alcoholic beverages making production, transport and sale of alcohol illegal in the United States, but did not make consuming alcohol illegal. It was ratified on January 16, 1919. -
19th Amendment
The 19th Amendment was ratified in 1920. It gave American woman the right to vote, this was also known as woman suffrage. After this Amendment was passed no discriminatory actions based on race or gender could be done to allow U.S. citizens not to vote. -
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
The tea pot dome scandal started in 1921 and was a bribery incident. It surrounded the secrete leasing of federal oil reserves by the secretary of the interior. -
Clarence Darrow
Clarence was a lawyer and leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union. He attempted to free anarchists charged with murder from the Haymarket Riot. He defended war protesters, he saved two men from a death sentence for the murder of a 14 year old, and he won clearance for a black family who had to fight against a mob. -
Immigration and the American Dream
The American Dream was they typical thought of moving to America to live a better life. We didn't want Natives in our country even though they were the ones who built our country.
