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Civil Disobedience
Acts of Civil Disobedience was first used as a maneuver for resisting against unconstitutional laws. In other words, people don't want to be arrested for breaking an unconstitutional law. So they created a law so they can resist and testify knowing they haven't broke a law. -
Black Codes
Abolished the slavery of blacks, letting them have a little more rights than in the era of the civil war. They did't allow them to have voting rights, or even firearms. If blacks didn't have a job after this, they could be arrested and be forced to work for no pay. -
13th Amendment
This amendment formally abolished slavery in the U.S. No slavery of any kind was used. This was effective and put in the constitution on -
Sharecropping/Tenant Farms
Sharecropping was passed in southern states for the slaves to use as a farming method. It helped former slaves have jobs so they would not have to deal with the law. They were on a contract so they got paid. -
14th Amendment
All people born or naturalized, are automatically citizens of the U.S. This includes former slaves that have been freed. -
15th Amendment
This amendment was pretty simple. This amendment gave all african americans the right to vote. -
Lynching
By extrajudicial action, lynching was a harsh punishment, to mostly blacks, by hanging. Very popular punishment in late 1800s. Later abolished in early 1990s. -
Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow Laws were laws that segregated colored and whites from doing anything together. They continued until later in Brown v Education case. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
It was involved segregated train facilities in Louisiana. Court ruled that "separated but equal" did not violate 14th amendment's equal protection clause. This law requires the blacks and the whites must be sitting in a different rail way cars. Whites cant sit in the blacks rail way cars nor did blacks in the whites rail way car. -
Thurgood Marshall
He was the grandson of a slave. After completing high school in 1925 he followed his brother, the historical black Lincoln University in Chester Country, Pennsylvania. In 1930, he applied to the University of Maryland Law School, but he was denied admission because he was black. Marshall's first mayor court case came in 1933 when he successfully sued the University of Maryland to admit a young African American Amherts University graduate named Donald Gaines Murray. -
CORE
Stands for Congress of Racial Equality. This was formed back in 1942, for equality in races. This was pivotal for african americans in the civil rights movement. -
Cesar Chavez
Ended his job as a laborer to establish the CSO and UFW. Short for Community Service Org. This was huge for latino workers so they could have jobs. Also helped latino's to work at farms. -
Hector P. Garcia
Founder of American G.I Forum. Was a decorated soldier in the military. Also created an organization for school scholarships. -
Brown v. Board of education
Held that the racial segregation of children in public schools violated Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. Although the decision wasn't succeed in fully desegregation public schools in the United States, it put Constitution on the side of the racial equality and galvanized the nascent civil rights movement into full revolution. Plessy v. Ferguson held a that segregated public facilities were constitutional so long as the black and white facilities were equal to each other. -
Non-violent protests
The first Non violent protests started in Birmingham, Alabama. They first started with MLK saying do not fight back, we basically need to show how vulnerable we are, and the guilt will eventually take to notice the president. There were no guns or weapons, just their voices and signs, establishing the term non violent protest. -
Desegregation
Following the Brown v Board of education, this continued the desegregation of public places. This allowed all races to come to school together. This also applies to nondiscrimination now that desegregation took place. -
Emmet Till
14 year old who was lynched in Mississippi for being black. Case held in court, which failed surprisingly. This affected and fueled anger for more equality in the blacks. -
Orval Faubus
Was elected as governor of Arkansas 6 times. Was against segregation when he saw the Little Rock nine supporting it. He also defied the national guard protecting the children at the school. In other words, he hated segregation very much. -
Rosa Parks
From the famous bus boycott, Rosa is an activist which her significance started in Montgomery. Where she refused to give a seat up since the bus driver moved a sign to separate blacks and whites. She testified she didn't have to since the signed was moved and was later taken into custody which sparked the bus boycott. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Lasted for 361 days of protests by MLK and others. Formed from the event of Rosa Parks not giving a bus seat up. This eventually gained attention from the president and made laws so they can sit wherever. -
SCLC
Stands for Southern Christian Leadership Conference. This was formed a little after the Montgomery Boycott. This consisted of over sixty ministers, including the president of this, MLK -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
Became passed and enacted by Congress to ensure that all American citizens had the right to vote. This included colored folks too. This was planned to be a voting rights bill. -
Sit ins
Form of peaceful protest, involving diners. When a black was asked to move, they did not. Even if it involved harm, they did not punch back to show the world how politically biased the country is. -
Affirmative Action
Affirmative action made it to where people could have jobs and education. This applied mostly to minorities. Introduced by President Kennedy. -
Freedom Riders
These were over 400 blacks and whites breaking Jim Crow Laws for freedom. They wanted to end racism. This was held mainly in Jackson, MI. -
Ole Miss Integration
This was an event that caused an uproar. This was because a black air force veteran was enrolled in Ole Miss. There were many riots caused by this. -
U of Alabama Integration
This is an event where black students tried to desegregate Uni. of Alabama. Took place in an auditorium of Alabama. Occurred July 11, 1963
