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Unit 2 Topics U.S. History
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French & Indian War
1.) Fought between England and France.
2.) Fought over control of North American territories.
3.) The start of the war was a result of Indians led by Gerorge Wahington killing a French officer. -
Tready of Paris
1.) Ended the French and Indian War.
2.) England was determined to be the victor of this war.
3.) France loses all of it's North American claims. England claims all land west to the Mississippi River and North though Canada. -
Proclamation
1.) This prevented Colonist from moving West of the Appalachin Mountains.
2.) Created to stabalize relations between the Native Americans and the Biritish Empire.
3.) This became the first problem between the Colonist and "Mother" England. The Colonists didn't like being told what to do. -
Sugar Act
1,) This was a tax on sugar and molasses.
2.) This Act was established as a way of creating revenue for the British Kingdom after the French and Indian War.
3.) This incident increased the colonists' concerns about the internet of the Biritish Parliament and helped the growing movement that became the American Revolution. -
Stamp Act
1.)This tax placed a tax on all paper goods including wills and newspapers.
2.) The result of the act was proteste and anger by may colonists. This led to a boycott of the stamped paper goods.
3.) As a result of the botcott and anti-British sentiment in the Colonies, Parliment formally repeals the Stamp Act. -
Quartering Act
1.) Established to save the British Government money by allowing soldiers the right to expect room and board from colonist in America.
2.) Purpose of improving living conditions and decreasing the cost to the crown.
3.) Most colonial legislatures agreed to the new law even though the expense to fund the troops was seen as a tax. -
Writs of Assistance
1.) British policy was established allowing customs officers the right to serch any ship at any time without probable cause.
2.) James Paxton created the Writs of Assistance.
3.) Writs of Assistance case presented the first formidable challenge to general search warrants in the colonies. -
Townsherd Acts
1.) British governors and other officials in the colonies so that these officials would be independent of the colonial legislatures, which had been paying their salaries.
2.) Required legislatures to house and provide supplies to British troops stationed in the colonies.
3.) Restraining and Prohibiting the Governor, Council, and House of Representatives -
Boston Massacre
1.) The heavy military presence in Boston that lead to the Massacre was the result of British enforcement of the Townshend Acts of 1767.
2.) The three years that followed the Massacre, from 1770 to 1772 passed rather quietly without any major confrontation between the British and the colonists.
3.) Paul Revere said "The British are coming, the British are coming." That was to warn all the people that the British were ccming and in the Boston Massacre the British won. -
Tea Act
1.) Colonists in Philadelphia and New York turned the tea ships back to Britain.
2.) Tea filled the harbor, and the British ship's crews were stalled in Boston looking for work and often finding trouble. This situation led to the Boston Tea Party.
3.) This tea was to be shipped directly to the colonies, and sold at a bargain price. -
Boston Tea Party
1.) Boston refused to return three shiploads of taxed tea to Britain
2.) A group of colonists boarded the ships and destroyed the tea by throwing it into Boston Harbor.
3.) A political protest by the Sons of Liberty in Boston, a city in the British colony of Massachusetts, against the tax policy of the British government. -
Intolerable Acts
1.) British merchants had lost huge sums of money on looted, spoiled, and destroyed goods shipped to the colonies.
2.) Parliament repealed the duties, except for the one on tea.
3.) After the French and Indian War the British Government decided to reap greater benefits from the colonies. -
1st Continental Congress
1.) The First Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from twelve British North American colonies that met on September 5, 1774, at Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, early in the American Revolution.
2.) The Congress was attended by 55 members appointed by the legislatures of twelve of the Thirteen Colonies.
3.) The Congress also called for another Continental Congress in the event that their petition was unsuccessful in halting enforcement of the Intolerable Acts. -
Lexington
1.) The Battles of Lexington was the first military engagements of the American Revolutionary War.
2.) They were fought on April 19, 1775, in Middlesex County, Province of Massachusetts Bay, within the towns of Lexington, Concord, Lincoln, Menotomy and Cambridge, near Boston.
3.) More militiamen arrived soon thereafter and inflicted heavy damage on the regulars as they marched back towards Boston. -
Concord
1.) The battle marked the outbreak of open armed conflict between the Kingdom of Great Britain and its thirteen colonies in the mainland of British North America.
2.) About 700 British Army regulars, under Lieutenant Colonel Francis Smith, were given secret orders to capture and destroy military supplies that were reportedly stored by the Massachusetts militia at Concord.
3.) The first shots were fired just as the sun was rising at Lexington. The militia were outnumbered and fell back. -
2nd Continental Congress
1.) The Second Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that started meeting on May 10, 1775, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
2.) Soon after warfare in the American Revolutionary War had begun.
3.) The second Congress managed the colonial war effort, and moved incrementally towards independence. -
Ft. Ticonderoga
1.) It was of strategic importance during the 18th-century colonial conflicts between Great Britain and France, and again played a role during the American Revolutionary War.
2.) The Americans held it until June 1777, when British forces under General John Burgoyne again occupied high ground above the fort and threatened the Continental Army troops.
3.) British returned and drove a token French garrison from the fort merely by occupying high ground that threatened the fort. -
Bunker Hill
1.) Bunker Hill, which was peripherally involved in the battle and was the original objective of both colonial and British troops, and is occasionally referred to as the Battle of Breed's Hill.
2.) On June 13, 1775, the leaders of the colonial forces besieging Boston learned that the British generals were planning to send troops out from the city to occupy the unoccupied hills surrounding the city.
3.) While the result was a victory for the British, they suffered heavy losses: over 800 wounded. -
Common Sense
1.) Common Sense is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine.
2.) It was first published anonymously on January 10, 1776, at the beginning of the American Revolution.
3.) Common Sense presented the American colonists with an argument for freedom from British rule at a time when the question of seeking independence was still undecided. -
Declaration of Independence
1.) The Declaration of Independence was a statement adopted by the Continental Congress on July 4, 1776, which announced that the thirteen American colonies.
2.) Thomas Jefferson to compose the original draft of the document 2 which congress would edit to produce the final version.
3.) Congress had voted on July 2 to declare independence from Great Britain, more than a year after the outbreak of the American Revolutionary War. -
Battle of Long-Island-New york
1.) It was the first major battle in the American Revolutionary War following the United States Declaration of Independence.
2.) After defeating the British in the Siege of Boston on March 17, 1776, General George Washington, Commander-in-Chief, brought the Continental Army to defend the strategic port city of New York.
3.) With the British fleet in control of the entrance to the harbor, Washington knew the difficulty in holding the city. -
Battle of Trenton
1.) The Battle of Trenton took place on December 26, 1776, during the American Revolutionary War.
2.) General George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River north of Trenton, New Jersey.
3.) The Continental Army had previously suffered several defeats in New York and had been forced to retreat through New Jersey to Pennsylvania. -
Battle of Princeton
1.) The Battle of Princeton was a battle in which General George Washington's revolutionary forces defeated British forces near Princeton, New Jersey.
2.) British attack at the Battle of the Assunpink Creek in Trenton.
3.) Washington rode up with reinforcements and rallied the fleeing militia. He then led the attack on Mawhood's troops, driving them back. -
Battle of Saratoga
1.) Saratoga was the turning point in the war, because they didn't expect to win.
2.) The first battle, on September 19, began when Burgoyne moved some of his troops in an attempt to flank the entrenched American position on Bemis Heights.
3.) October 7 after it became apparent he would not receive relieving aid in time. In heavy fighting, marked by Arnold's spirited rallying of the American troops. -
Winter at Valley Forge
1.) With winter almost set in, and the prospects for campaigning greatly diminishing, General George Washington sought quarters for his men.
2.) Named for an iron forge on Valley Creek, the area was close enough to the British to keep their raiding and foraging parties out of the interior of Pennsylvania.
3.) The army marched away from Valley Forge in pursuit of the British, who were moving toward New York. The war would last for another five years. -
Battle of Yorktown
1.) Continental Army troops led by General George Washington and French Army troops led by the Comte de Rochambeau over a British Army commanded by Lieutenant General Lord Cornwallis.
2.) In 1780, 5,500 French soldiers landed in Rhode Island to assist their American allies in operations against British-controlled New York City.
3.) The French and American armies united north of New York City during the summer of 1781. -
Treaty of Paris
1.) The Treaty of Paris, signed on September 3, 1783, ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain on one side and the United States of America.
2.) The other combatant nations, France, Spain and the Dutch Republic had separate agreements; for details of these, and the negotiations which produced all four treaties, see Peace of Paris (1783).
3.) Its territorial provisions were "exceedingly generous" to the United States in terms of enlarged boundaries.
