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13th Amendment
The 13th amendment outlawed slavery throughout the whole united states. It was legal to have slavery in America but it had to be changed because people were starting to mature and realize that slavery was disgusting and morally wrong. -
14th Amendement
Although black men and women were free that didn't guarantee their rights. People, especially, in the south, did not treat them equally. Black men and women weren't treated equally in public places and facilities because the white owners didn't see them as citizens. -
15th Amendment
The Fifteenth Amendment was designed to give
black men the right to vote. Although women still could not vote at this time, it was a big stepping stone for black men. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
This case ruled that segregation based on race was legal. It is famous for using the ruling of "separate but equal" by saying that transportation could be separated between black people and white people. The ruling was later turned down by the case of Brown v. Board of Education. -
CORE
The Congress of Racial Equality is an organization that played a significant role in the Civil Rights Movement. It was founded in 1942 by an interracial group of students in Chicago. -
Hector P. Garcia
In 1948, García founded the American GI Forum, organizing veterans to fight for educational and medical benefits, and later, against poll taxes and school segregation. A proud member of the Greatest Generation, García wanted inclusion of Mexican Americans into America. In 1984, President Reagan awarded García the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the nation's highest civilian award. García was the first Mexican American ever to receive the honor -
Brown v. Board of Education
Brown v. Board of Education was brought to the Supreme Court in 1954 in order to change the segregations in school. The lawyer representing African-Americans was Thurgood Marshall. He won the case and the Supreme Court said that segregation in schools was unconstitutional. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
African Americans protested against the Montgomery Bus Transport because of the unfair segregated rules on the busses. Days before this took place, Rosa Parks took her chance to stay seated, thus getting her kicked off. The less African Americans ride the bus, the less money the bus transportation system would get. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Parks had a long days work and boarded onto the Cleveland Avenue to go home. She sat in the front of the bus and silently protested the segregation laws of transportation. She was asked to give up her seat for other white passengers so they may sit and she reused to give up. The police were eventually called and she was arrested at the scene. -
Orval Fabus
In 1957 Faubus used the Arkansas National Guard to stop aAfrican American kids from attending school. He was very against Brown v. Education and wanted to keep children segregated. -
SCLC
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference was formed as a Civil Rights non-violent Protest group. It was founded on February 14, 1957 and led by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. as the President -
Little Rock Nine
Despite the new ruling of the Supreme Court, some schools in the South did not allow black children. In Little Rock, Arkansas, a plan was put together to slowly integrate the schools, but it allowed for integration very slowly and didn't allow for blacks to attend some high schools. -
Affirmative Action
Affirmative action is the outcome of the Civil Rights Movement, to provide equal opportunities for members of minority groups and women in education and employment. In 1961, President Kennedy was the first to use the term to take "affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, creed, color, or national origin." -
George Wallace
George Wallace ran for governor for the state of Alabama in 1958 and lost. The second time he ran, 1962, he used segregation as his main concern. The KKK supported him and he later won the election. In his speech he spoke, "Segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever." -
Cesar Chavez
Chavez founded the National Farm Workers Association in 1962. This union joined with the Agricultural Workers Organizing Committee in its first strike against grape growers in California in 1965. A year later, the two unions merged, and the resulting union was renamed the United Farm Workers in 1972. -
March on Washington
The "Big Six" organized the whole march. The purpose of the march was to show many citizens believed in raising minimum wage, employee rights, and recognizing true civil rights. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
In 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr. helped to organize the famous "March on Washington". Martin gave his "I Have a Dream" speech. This speech has become one of the most famous speeches in history. The March on Washington was a great success. The Civil Rights Act was passed a year later in 1964. -
Betty Friedan
Writer, feminist and women's rights activist Betty Friedan wrote The Feminine Mystique in 1963 and co-founded the National Organization for Women and was the first president of it. She was also the co-founder of the NARAL and NWPC and fought for abortion rights. -
U of Alabama Intergration
When African American students tried to desegregate the University of Alabama June 1963, Alabama's new governor used state troops to block the door of the enrollment office. -
Lester Maddox
He refused to serve to black customers at his restaurant. When the three black men tried to go into his restaurant in July 1964, Mr. Maddox and many others waved axe's at them to make them leave. -
Stokely Carmichael
A leader of the Black Nationalist movement in 1966, he coined the phrase "Black Power". Broke off from the nonviolent movements. -
Thurgood Marshall
President Lyndon Johnson nominated Thurgood Marshall for the Supreme Court in 1966. He was confirmed by the Senate on August 30, 1967 and became the first African-American Supreme Court Justice. While serving on the Supreme Court, Marshall championed the rights of the individual. He served on the court for 24 years
