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Black codes
Laws passed in souther democratic controlled states after the Civil War. These laws were to restrict African-American from their freedom and making them work in poor working condition with low pay -
13th Amendment
This abolished slavery -
14th Amendment
One of reconstruction amendments -this granted freedom to all, as in slavery was no longer in session- -
15th Amendment
This gave African-American man the right to vote -
Jim Crow Laws
Statues enacted by southern states -legalized segregation between blacks and whites -
Lynching
This was a punishment by an informal group. Used to punish a person or intimidate a group. -
Plessy v Ferguson
It is a landmark constitutional law case of the US Supreme Court. It upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities -"separate but equal" -
Sharecropping/Tenant Farming
A form of agriculture where a landowner allows someone else to use land in return with share from crops growed on their portion of land. Many slaves where trapped with this form of economic exploitation. -
Civil Disobedience
This act lead to the War of Independence -establishing U.S.A as sovereign state- -
Hector P. Garcia
He was a Mexican-american physician, surgeon, World War ii veteran, and founder of American G.I. Forum -
CORE
Congress of Racial Equality - an African-American civil rights organization in U.S. that played a role in civil rights movement -
Brown v Board of education
Case declaring state laws establishing separate public schools for both blacks and whites. This was against Board of education of Topeka. This case was also a landmark U.S. Supreme Court Case. -
Rosa Parks
She refused to give up her seat to white people on a bus in 1955. Like King, Parks was an activist in Civil Rights Movement -she is known as "the first lady of Civil Rights" as well as "Mother of the freedom movement" -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
This was a political/social protest against the racial segregation on public transportation. -because of Rosa Parks -
Non-violent Protest
This occurred during the African-American civil rights era, it was a peaceful way of "fighting" which caused tension gaining national attention. -
Desegregation
A focus of the civil rights movement -had to do with Brown v Board of Education- desegregating schools and military -
Emmett Till
He was a 14-year-old African-American who was lynched -killed- in Mississippi in 1955, after a white woman said she was offended by him in her family's grocery store -
SCLC
Southern Christian Leadership Conference - African-American civil rights organization -associated w Martin Luther King Jr.- -
Little Rock Nine
This was a group pf nine students who were prevented fro entering Central high by Governor Orval Faubus -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
This was a voting rights bill. -it was the first federal civil rights legislation passed by the United States Congress since the Civil Rights Act of 1875- -
Orval Faubus
He was the former governer of Arkansas from 1955 to 1967. He was democratic party. -
Stokely Carmichael
He is an Trinidadian-American activist who lead civil rights group SNCC in 1960s. He has somewhat credit for "Black Power" -
Sit-ins
A group of protesters who sit down promoting change -
Affirmative Action
A law saying other employees must allow everyone to work, those being women, disabled, and covered veterans. -
Freedom Riders
They were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States -
Cesar Chavez
He is well known for his hard fights to get people better/fair working conditions for those who worked on farms. He battled California grape with his United Farm Workers in a way of unviolent protests. -
Ole Miss Integration
This was a set of riots on the campus of the University of Mississippi in Oxford where students, and committed segregationists had gathered to protest the enrollment of James Meredith, -a black Air Force veteran attempting to integrate the all-white school- -
Betty Friedan
She was an American feminist, she explored traditional modern women roles. She is also a leading figure in Women's movement. She has also published books -she is a writer.
1963 - feminine mystique -
March on Washington
A march held in Washington D.C. for freedom and jobs. -Also known as the Great March on Washington- -
U of Alabama Integration
African-American student tried to desegregate the University of Alabama, however it governor blocked the door of the enrollment office with troops. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This was a landmark civil rights and US labor law that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin -
Lester Maddox
He was an American Politician. -He served as 75th governor of Georgia from 1967 to 1971 -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This was for the African-Americans, for them to be able to vote despite their color being black -under 15th amendment- -
Watts Riots
An African-American motorist was arrested for suspicion of drunk driving. -A minor roadside argument broke out, and then escalated into a fight- --Watts Rebellion -
Black Panthers
A party who practiced militant self-defense of minority communities against the U.S. government, and fought to establish revolutionary socialism -Founded by Huey Newton & Bobby Seale- -
Thurgood Marshall
He was an associate of Justice of Supreme Court (first African-American justice). He was the courts 96th justice, serving from 1967 to 1991. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
He was an American baptist minister and activist who became a very visible spokesperson and leader in civil rights movement. He was seen well but other blacks, was praised and supported. IN 1968 King was assassinated -
George Wallace
He was the 45th governor of Alabama -he served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms as democrat -
Title IX (9)
This is a comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity
