unit 2

Athens established

2999 BCE

Classical Athens was one of the most powerful city-states in ancient Greece. It was a centre for democracy, the arts, education and philosophy, and was highly influential throughout the European continent, particularly in Ancient Rome

early peoples on the Greek Peninsula

1400 BCE

Minoans were located on Crete, they were Sea Traders and would make pottery. Mycenaeans defeated the Minoans in 1400 bc.

Sparta established

1000 BCE

Sparta was traditionally established in the tenth century BCE. it became a significant m military power in ancient Greece and played a crucial role in Greek History

Greek City state established

800 BCE

Greeks had two ways of war; hoplite and phalanx. Greece colonized others, creating new polis, and were still connected to Metropolis. They had three styles of Government; Tyranny, Oligarchy and Democracy

Greek Gods established

799 BCE

It is difficult to know when Greek mythology started, as it is believed to have stemmed from centuries of oral tradition. It is likely that Greek myths evolved from stories told in the Minoan civilization of Crete, which flourished from about 3000 to 1100 BCE

Greek culture established

601 BCE

Homer wrote the Iliad creating the story of Achilles. He then wrote the Odyssey, which was a sequel.

Cyrus the great ruled

559 BCE

He set the Jews free from their Babylonian Captivity that had taken place decades before. Cyrus facilitated their return to the promised land and he became a notable figure in the Jewish scripture as a savior who helped them build the Second Temple in Jerusalem.

Persian Empire

556 BCE

The Persian Empire was known for many things, such as being one of the largest superpowers in its time. Under the rule of Darius I, several impressive architectural feats were constructed, such as the city of Persepolis and the Royal Road.

The great King Darius

518 BCE

Darius organized the empire by dividing it into administrative provinces, each governed by a satrap. He organized Achaemenid coinage as a new uniform monetary system, and he made Aramaic a co-official language of the empire alongside Persian.

Golden Age

500 BCE

The golden age, particularly in ancient Greece refers to a period of great cultural, artistic, and intellectual flourishing roughly spanning from 4th to 5th centuries BCE. This era saw the rise of democracy under leaders like Pericles.

Persian Empire expanded

500 BCE

The Persian Empire emerged under the leadership of Cyrus II, who conquered the neighboring Median Empire ruled by his grandfather. From then on Cyrus was called the “shah,” or king, of Persia.

Persian war

499 BCE

conflicts between the Greek city-states and the Persian Empire.

Persian war ended

446 BCE

In 449 bce the Peace of Callias finally ended the hostilities between Athens and its allies and Persia. In exchange for peace, Artaxerxes I of Persia recognized the liberty of the Greek states in Europe and Asia and vowed to keep the Persian fleet out of the Aegean.

Peloponnesian War

422 BCE

The peloponnesian war was a prolonged and devastating conflict between Athens and Sparta. The Athenian empire was known for its strong navy and land sources.

Peloponnesian war ended

404 BCE

After the end of the Peloponnesian War, Lysander established many pro-Spartan governments throughout the Aegean. Most of the ruling systems set up by Lysander were ten-man oligarchies, called decarchies, in which harmosts, Spartan military governors, were the heads of the government.

Golden Age ends

404 BCE

It would be another decade of warfare before the Spartan general Lysander defeated the Athenian fleet at Aegospotami. This defeat led to Athenian surrender. As a result, the Peloponnesian War was concluded. Simultaneous to the end of this conflict came the end of the golden age of ancient Greece.

Alexander the great conquers Persia

334 BCE

Whether motivated by Greek pride or the spoils of imperial conquest, Alexander picked up where his father left off and marched into Persia in 334 BC, where his army of 50,000 would be tested against the largest and best-trained fighting force in the known world.

Hellenistic Age

232 BCE

The HEllenistic Age followed Alexander the Great's death and saw Greek culture spread widely, blending with local traditions. It was marked by advancements in science, philosophy, and the arts

Alexander the great's death

232 BCE

Alexander's legacy is profound and far-reaching. His creation of a vast empire from Greece to Egypt and into India facilitated the spread of Greek culture and ideas.

Classic Maya collapses

900

Post-Classic period: Some cities continued to thrive until Spanish conquest
Modern Maya: Millions of descendants still preserve aspects of their culture and languages