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Chapter 13-16 Timeline
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Adolf Hitler Rises to Power
Hitler's talents for public speaking and leadership helped him gain influence in German Politics. He stressed nationalism and devotion to the state. Eventually, he ran a totalitarian regime. -
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Unit 1 Timeline Project
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Japan invades Manchuria
Japanese wanted to expand their territory and gain greater access to wealth and resources. Dissatisfaction was especially high among members of the military who held strong nationalist beliefs. Japan then invaded Manchuria without the approval of the Japanese Government. -
Facism in Italy/Mussolini
Facism was a system of government that stressed the glory of the state. Mussolini used his dynamic public speaking kill to take part in Italian Parliament. He encouaged violence against socialist and gained wide support. He established a dictatorship& under this totalitarian regime, he had total control over daily life in Italy. -
Franklin D. Roosevelt presidency
Roosevelt served an eight year term, from 1933-1945. Roosevelt created the New Deal. He also established agencies and programs such as WPA, Social Security and the National Labor Relations Board. Under Roosevelt, Congress passed the lend lease act. Near the end of his term, Rossevelt met with Winston Churchill and Josef Stalin in the Yalta Conference. -
Italy Invades Ethiopia
Some Italians held on to bitter feelings towards Ethiopia for decades. Those feelings resurfaced when Mussolini came to power, with plans to build a grand Italian empire. He used a dispute about the border between Ethiopia and an Italian colony as an excuse to launch an invasion. The Ethiopians were unable to resist the Italian forces, and looked to the League of Nations for help. -
Neutrality Act
Congress passed the first Neutrality Act prohibiting the export of “arms, ammunition, and implements of war” from the United States to foreign nations at war -
Germany militarizes Rhineland
Hitler violated the Treaty of Versaille and sent German troops into the Rhineland. He claimed that a recent French military agreement with the Soviet Unino threatended Germany. Germany's troops remained in the Rhineland. -
Spanish Civil War
Spain was trouble by political conflict, on the right, communists, and on the left were Facists and Natinoalists. This conlifct led to a Civil War, which attracted interest and involvement from many countries in Europe and North America. The fighting was bloody and brutal, and eventually, Nationalists defeated the republicans and Spain came under the control of a Facists dictator. -
House Un-American Activities Committee
The House Un-American Activities Committee was formed in 1938 and lasted until 1975. It's original purpose was to investigate the full range of radical groups in the United States, including fascists and Communists. Over time, it came to focus only on the threat of communism in the United States. -
Hitler gains control of Austria, Sudetenland& Czechoslovakia
Hitler tried to force the Austrain government to agree to Anschluss, when they refused, he sent troops into the country. He then planned to gain control of a portion of Czechoslovakia called Sudetenland. Hitler encouraged Germans in the Sudetenland to protest against Czechoslovakian rule, then threated a military attack. Neville Chamberlain agreed to allow Hitler to annex Sudetenland. -
Kristallnacht
A massive, coordinated attack on Jews throughout the German Reich on the night of November 9, 1938, into the next day. Was also known as the Night of Broken Glass. -
Blitzkreig
A German term for “lightning war,”. It is a military tactic designed to create disorganization among enemy forces through the use of mobile forces and locally concentrated firepower. Its successful execution results in short military campaigns, which preserves human lives and limits the expenditure of artillery. Germans used the blitzkreig for devastating effects on Poland. -
J. Robert Oppenheimer
Technical director of the Manhatten Project. Under his guidance the first atomic bomb was created. -
Germany invades Poland
Within days of the Nazi-Soviet agreement, Hitler was ready to invade Poland. Hitler had a German criminal dressed in Polish military unifrom. He then had the man shot on Polish border. The next morning Germany claimed it had been attacked by Poland, then, German troops launched a massive invasion on Poland. -
Great Britain & France declare war on Germany
Great Britain and France declared war on Germany. They became known as the Allies. -
Axis Powers
Japan formed a military alliance with Germany and Italy, the three natinos became known as the Axis Powers. -
Rosie the Riveter
Working women of the war came to be represented by the symbolic figure known as Rosie the Riveter. During the war, the umber of women working outside the home rose dramatically. Women took on industrial jobs, that otherwise would not have been available. -
Rationing
During World War II, the governent found it necessary to control the distribution of food and other consumer goods, because resources were so low. The government controlling limited resources is called rationing. -
Lend-Lease Act
Congress passed the Lend-Lease Act, which allowed the nation to send weapons to Great Britain regardless of its ability to pay. -
Germany invades Belgium
One group of German troops quickly conquered the Netherlands then stormed into Belgium. Forces were unable to stop German assault. In early June, the Germans trapped hundreds of thousands of Allied soliders. -
Battle of Britain
Great Britain stood alone against the Germans. The nation was lead by Winston Churchill, who refused to consider trying to negotiate a peace agreement with Germany. The first stage of the German plan was to destroy RAF, but failed. Then, Luftwaffe began bombing London. The British had stopped Luftwaffe and Hitler was forced to call off the attempted invasion. -
Britain sinks Bismarck
Germany entered World War II with powerful Naval forces. Bismarck was one of their largest ships, and the pride of the German fleet. Great Britain managed to sink Bismarck, forcing Germany to rely on U-boats. -
Tuskgee Airman
A segregated unit of African Americans, the first ever to recieve training as pilots in the U.S. military. -
Genocide of Jews
Genocide is the killing of an entire people, and to essentially demolish a race in its entirety. The German invasion of the Soviet Union raised the killing of Jews to a new level. Hitler then called for the total destruction of all of Europe's Jews. -
Douglas MacArthur
General Douglas MacArthur led a small force of Americans and Filipino soldiers, who seemed to be no match for Japanese invaders. MacArthur and his troops fought bravely, but 10,000 Americans and 60,000 Fipino troops on Bataan surrendered. -
Japan attacks Hong Kong, Singapore, The Dutch East Indies& Burma
Japanese forces won a quick string of impressive victories. The Japanese military also had excellent equipment. Japanese aircraft, for example, was better than anything the Allies could produce. The British discovered the true strength of Japan's military in Hong Kong, Singapore, and Burma. -
Atlantic Charter
U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill released a declaratino on August 14, 1941 following a meeting of the two heads of state in Newfoundland. The Atlantic Charter provided war aims for the United States and British. -
Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor
Japanese military leaders devised a suprise military attack on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor in Hawaii. Pearl Harbor was home to the United States Navy's Pacific Fleet. Japanese bombs and torpedoes took a heavy toll on the American warships anchored in the harbor. The destruction was enormous, and after this event, Americans joined the war. -
U.S. declares war on Japan
Americans reacted to the attack with anger and fear, but a sense of patriotism spread. They strung beaches with barbed wire. Roosevelt was furious that Japan had meant to decieve the United States, so on December 8, 1941, he asked Congress for a declaration of war. -
The Manhatten Project
The most significant scientific program of World War II. It was a top secret American program to build an atomic bomb. -
Executive order 9066 internment camps
President Roosevelt issued the executive order in response to warnings. This order gave the armed forces the power to establish military zones and force people or groups to leave these zones. Its goal was to remove Japanese people out of western United States. The internment of Japanese Americans in the United States was the forced relocation and incarceration during World War II. Many of these internment camps were located in the desert. -
Bataan Death March
For five days and nights, the Japanese forced soldiers to march through the steaming forests of Bataan. Those who dropped out of line were beaten or shot. Thousands of soliders perished on the Bataan Death March. -
Battle of Midway
United States Naval intelligence officers broke Japanese code and learned about the plans for attacking the Midway. The plan to invade Midway had been stopped, and Japan's navy suffered a terrible blow. Japan's once great advantage on the seas no longer existed. It was a tremendous victory for Americans. -
Battle of Stalingrad
Stalingrad was a major industrial center on the Volga River, and was a major target for the Germans. They attacked Stalingrad in August 1942, and was the bloodiest fighting in the history of warfare, but the Soviets refused to let Stalingrad fall. Through this battle, the Germans failed to take Stalingrad and exposed themselves to a Soviet counterattack. -
Operation Torch
Dwight D. Eisenhower was the lieutenant general in charge of Operation Torch. The plan called for American forces to invade the North African countries of Morocco and Algeria. -
GI Bill
GI stood for government issue, which was a nickname for members of the armed forces. Its purpose was to help veterans make a smooth entry into civilian life. It provided money for veterans to attend college or recieve advanced jobs training, and even orovided loans. After WWII, beterans were receiving immediate benefits instead of cash bonuses. -
D-Day
Allied forces invaded Northern France by means of beach landings in Normandy. Germans were slow to the invasion, and eventually, D-day became a success. -
World Bank/ International Monetary Fund
The World Bank aimed to help poor countries build their economics by providing money and loans to help with projects that could provide jobs and wealth. Economic policy was the focus of the International Monetary Fund. It encouraged economic policies that promoted international trade. -
Operation Overlord
To end the war as quickly as possible, the Allies wanted to launch a large invasion of mainland Europe, so Operation Overlord was devised. The settled on the beaches of Normandy, in northern Europe. -
Battle of Bulge
The Germans launched a suprise offensive attack. The Battle of Bulge referred to the bulge in the Allied battle lines created by German advance. The bulge created by the German offensive had been rolled back. This brought Allies closer to the defeat of Germany and Hitler. -
Battle of Iwo Jima
American forces set out in February 1945 to capture the Iwo Jima. For the first time in the war, Japanese troops were fighting for land that was actually part of Japan. Marines captured the island's tallest point. The fighting raged on for weeks, and all but a thousand Japanese soliders fought to the death. -
Holocaust
Originally established in 1933, the Holocaust came to an end in 1945. It was a genocidal campaign against the Jews during World War II. -
Yalta Conference
Roosevelt and the allied leaders met at a conference held in the resort town of Yalta, later known as the Yalta Conference. The key goal of the Yalta Conference was to reach an agreement on what to do with the soon to be conquered Germany. The three parties agreed to dicide the country into sectors, and each would occupy one of these sections. -
Potsdam Conference
Allied leaders met at the German city of Potsdam. Harry Truman feared the spread of communism, and believed that if he met with Stalin, he could get the Soviet leader to live up to his promises from Yalta. -
Battle of Okinawa
Allied troops invaded Okinawa. Japanese soliders hid in the caves and tunnels of Okinawa to launch deadly assults. Despite the Japanese advantage, Americans gained control of the island. -
Harry Truman
Harry Truman served an eight year term, from April 12, 1945 to January 20, 1953. He forced Japanese surrender in 1945 with the use of atomic bombs, assisted in the founding of the United Nations, and passed the Marshall Plan -
V-E Day
Hitler committed suicide in his Berlin bunker. As news of Hitler's death, fighting came to a hault and Berlin surrendered. Karl Donitz, Germany's leader following Hitler's death, agreed to surrender. The following day, the United States proclaimed the surrender as Victory in Europe day. -
United Nations
Representatives from 50 countries met in San Fransisco California to establish the United Nations. It was meant to encourage cooperation among natinos to prevent future wars. -
Atomic bombs dropped on Okinawa and Hiroshima
Truman and Allies gave the Japanese a chance to avoid the bomb, which they refused. The Enola Gay flew over the city of Hiroshima and dropped its atomic bomb. On August 9, the United states dropped a second bomb. -
V-J Day
Hirohito announced the end of the war in a radio broad-cast, this day came to be known as V-J Day. -
baby boom
After the war, the demand for consumer goods rose sharply, and veterans began to return home and built houses. Many Americans also began to have families, this marked the beginning of a dramatic rise in birthrate, called baby boom. -
Communism Spreads
Stalin used whatever means neccessary to achieve his goal in Eastern Europe. He outlawed political parties or newspapers that opposed Communists, jailed or killed some political opponents and sometimes even rigged elections. Soon, every nation in Eastern Europe had a Communist government in place, most under the rule of Stalin and the Soviet Union -
Iron Curtain
A physical boundary dividing Europe into two separate areas from the end of World War II in 1946 until the end of the Cold War in 1991. The term symbolized efforts by the Soviet Union to block itself and its satellite states from open contact with the west and non-Soviet-controlled areas. -
Cold War
The United States had viewed the Soviet Union as a possible threat due to the fact that Americans were opposed to the ideas of communism and didn't want it to spread. It presented new threats, such as the development of the hydrogen bomb. -
brinkmanship
The diplomatic art of going to the brink of war without actually getting into war. The practice of brinkmanship involved making threats that were strong enough to bring results without having to follow through on the threats. -
Truman Doctrine
Harry Truman passed the Truman Doctrine in order to stop soviet imperialism during the Cold War. It essentially provided support to anyone resisting the spread of communism. -
Central Intelligence Agency formed
Formed to collect information about, and spy on, foreign governments. CIA agents took part in secret actions against hostile governments, like helping to overthrow governments in Guatemala and Iran. -
Hollywood Ten
10 members of the Hollywood film industry publically denounced the tactics employed by the HUAC. These screenwriters and directors recieved jail time and were banned from working for major Hollywood studios. -
General Agreement on Tariffs& Trade
An international organaztion created to promote economic cooperation, designed to reduce barries to trade. -
The Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan bought food and farm equipment and rebuilt factories and homes in order to help Europe get back on its economic feet. It originally offered aid to the Soviet Union and its allies, but Stalin refused the aid. -
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was drafted by representatives with different legal and cultural backgrounds from all regions of the world, the Declaration was proclaimed by the United Nations General Assembly in Paris. It set out fundamental rights to be universally protected. -
Fair Deal
Truman devised the Fair Deal, which included a number of programs, such as health insurance andnew funding for education. Congress did not support the program, thus very little of his ideas ever became a law. -
Smith Act
This law made it a crime to call for the overthrow of the U.S. government or belong to an organization that did so. -
Berlin Airlift
British and American airplanes began making deliveries to the people of West Berlin. Every day the planes flew an average of 7,000 tons of supplies into West Berlin. This continued for months, and continued to grow. -
NATO
The United States and six other nations joined the original five to create a new military alliance called the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. According to the treaty, an armed attack against one of the member nations would be considered an attack against all. -
Joseph McCarthy/McCarthyism
Joseph McCarthy, a U.S. senator, spent about five years trying, in vain, to expose communists and other "Loyalty risks" in the U.S. government. He posed a campaign, McCarthyism, against alleged communists. -
The McCarran Act
This law required communist organizations to register with the government and established a special board to investigate the Communist involvement. It also made it illegal to plan for a creatin of a totalitarian dictatorship and prevented Communists or other radicals from entering the United States. -
The Korean War
More than 100,000 North Korean troops crossed the 38th parallel and invaded South Korea. Kim II Sung had ordered the invasion, hoping to reunify all of Korea under his rule. This began the Korean War. -
Hydrogen Bomb Test
The H-bomb was made to protect the U.S. against any possible aggressor. When tested, the blast was beyond anything anyone had imagined. The island the bomb was placed on simply vanished. -
Warsaw Pact
The Soviets established the Warsaw Pact, a military alliance with the Soviet-dominated countiries of Eastern Europe. It was entirely controlled by the Soviet Union. -
Sputnik
Soviets launched the first-ever artificial satellite, called Sputnik. This satellite carried a dog, the first ever living creature to orbit Earth in space. Its launch concerned the United States, and was quick to respond to the challenge. -
Second Red Scare
The second Red Scare occurred after World War II (1939–45), and was popularly known as "McCarthyism" after its most famous supporter, Senator Joseph McCarthy. -
ICMB
Americans developed intercontinental ballistic missles that could travel thousands of miles and strike very close to their intended targets. They coulf also deliver powerful nuclear weapons. -
Dwight D Eisenhower
Eisenhower served from 1951-1961. He sponsered and signed the Civil Rights Act of 1957 and the Federal Highway Act. He also played a huge part in ending the Korean War.