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1284
Salvano d'Aramento degli Amati
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1317
Allessandro Della Spina
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Francesco Redi
-He's first experiment biological experiment with proper controls, Redi set up a series of flasks containing different meats, half of the flasks sealed, half open. He then repeated the experiment but, instead of sealing the flasks, covered half of them with gauze so that air could enter. -
Robert Hooke
An English scientist. He was the first to view and describe cells, and in doing so, gave them their name. He examined a slice of cork using a primitive microscope and saw tiny boxes. -
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
- He invented the first microscope. -He saw tiny organisms in the pond water! He also looked at other samples to view single-celled organisms that he named animalcules.
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John Needham
His reading about animalcules aroused an interest in natural science. He presented his theory of spontaneous generation and attempted to offer scientific evidence supporting the theory. He challenged Redi's findings by conducting an experiment in which he placed a broth, or “gravy,” into a bottle, heated the bottle to kill anything inside, and then sealed it. Later he discovered another life of species. -
Lazzaro Spallanzani
-A scientists who reviewed both Redi's and Needham's theory/experiment. He put broth into separate bottles, both boiling them. Then later sealing one n opening one. -
Louis Pasteur
flask whose neck was shaped like an S or the neck of a swan, hence the name “Swan Neck Flask.” He put a nutrient rich broth in the flask, which he called the “infusion.” He then boiled the infusion killing any microorganisms which were already present. Then he allowed the infusion to sit. -
Joseph Jackson
He reduces the problem with spherical aberration by showing that several weak lenses used together at certain distances gave good magnification without blurring the image. -
Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann
They studied plant and animal cells and were able to view the nucleus, a structure within cells that controls cell function. They also concluded that all living things were made up of cells and that a cell is the smallest unit of organization in a living thing. These ideas formed the basis for cell theory. -
Rudolf Virchow
He studied cellular pathology and proposed that all cells come from other cells. Virchow and other scientists, conducted tests to prove that new cells come from pre-existing cells and do not appear spontaneously. The understanding of cells and cell theory because it explained how living things grow and reproduce. -
Ernst Abbe
-He formulates a mathematical theory correlating resolution to the wavelength of light, but made it possible. -
Richard Zsigmondy
- Rich used a ultra-microscope and is able to study objects below the wavelength of light.
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Frits Zernike
-He invented the phase-contrast microscope that allows the study of colourless and transparent biological materials. -
Ernst Ruska
- He developed the electron microscope. The ability to use electrons in microscopy greatly improves the resolution and greatly expands the borders of exploration.
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Lynn Margulis
A biologist first made the case for endosymbiosis in the 1960s.
The endosymbiotic event that generated mitochondria must have happened early in the history of eukaryotes, because all eukaryotes have them. -
Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer
- They invented the scanning tunnelling microscope that gives three-dimensional images of objects down to the atomic level.