uk history

By miriamsp
  • Period: 600 BCE to 55 BCE

    Celts

    Celts settle. New alphabet
  • Period: 55 BCE to 410

    Romans

    55-54 BC: Julius Caesar’s exploratoy expeditions
    43 AD Roman conquest of most of GB
    122-138 AD: Hadrian’s Wall built
    409: Roman army withdrew from Britain
  • Period: 410 to 1066

    Anglo-Saxons & Vikings

    410: Anglo - Saxons invasions & settlements
    500 - 820: 7 Anglo-Saxon kingdoms (Heptarchy) evolved, which later became England; mainly Celtic peoples populated Wales, Ireland, Scotland & Cornwall
    597: St Augustine preached Christianity to Anglo-Saxons of south England; ecclesiastical capital of Canterbury
    664: Synod of Whitby chose Roman Catholic Church
    790: first Viking raids
    5th January 1066: King Edward III (the Confessor) died leaving no heirs => rivalry for the crown => Battle of Hastings
  • Period: 1066 to 1154

    Normans

    14 October 1066: Battle of Hastings (William of Normandy, the Conqueror, defeated the army of King Harlold of England and ascended the English throne)=>end of Anglo-Saxon rule; the Norman conquest; feudalism introduced
    1072: William I invaded Scotland
    1086: Domesday Book (tax & land records) compiled for England by Normans)
    1154: the last Norman king of England dies. His death ends the civil war bt his cousin Matilda and him, which lasted all his reign. He is succeeded by Henry II, Matilda’s son
  • Period: 1154 to 1485

    Middle Ages

    1170: Thomas Beckett martyred
    1215: King John, youngest son of Henry II, forced to seal Magna Carta to protect English aristocratic rights against royal abuse
    1295: first regular English Parliament
    1362: English replaced French as the official language
    1381: Peasants’ Revolt in England
    1387-1394: Chaucer wrote The Canterbury Tales
    1455-1487: War of the Roses: dynastic civil wars fought in England & Wales
    1485: Battle of Bosworth (Richard III is defeated by future Henry VII, first Tudor King)
  • Period: 1485 to

    Tudors

    1509: HENRY VIII crowned king
    1534 - 1540: Henry VIII = Head of English Church; English Reformation; dissolution of Monasteries
    1536-42: integration of England and Wales
    1547 - 53: Protestantism = official religion
    1553 -8: MARY I: Catholicism restored
    1558-1603: ELIZABETH I: Protestantism reconfirmed
    1585-90: first English colonial ventures in North America
    1587: Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, executed in London
    1588: defeat of Spanish Armada
    1590-1613: plays of Shakespeare
    1603: Elizabeth dies
  • Period: to

    Civil War / Revolution - The Stuarts

    1603-25: JAMES VI of Scotland (I of England) = Union of 2 Crowns
    1605: Gunpowder Plot
    1607: 1st permanent colony in N Am (Jamestown, Virginia)
    1620: Pilgrim Fathers
    1625-1649: CHARLES I
    1642-8: Civil Wars bt King & Parliament
    1649: execution of Charles I; monarchy abolished
    1653-8: OLIVER CROMWELL ruled England
    1660-85: Monarchy restored under CHARLES II: Restoration
    1685-8: JAMES II: Glorious Revolution
    1688-1702: WILLIAM III + MARY II
    1702-14: ANNE
    1707: Union of England/Wales & Scotland (GB)
  • Period: to

    British Empire - Georgian Period

    1714-25: GEORGE I
    1727-1760 GEORGE II
    1750s-1830s: Industrial Revolutions
    1760-1820 GEORGE III
    1769: steam engine patented
    1773: Boston Tea Party
    1775-83: American War for Independence; loss of 13 Colonies
    1801: Union of GB & Ireland (UK)
    1805: Battle of Trafalgar (Nelson defeated French navy)
    1807: slavery abolished in British Empire; ending of slavery in 1833
    1815: Battle of Waterloo (Napoleon defeated by Wellington)
    1820-30 GEORGE IV
    1829: Freedom of rg worship
    1830-7 WILLIAM IV
  • Period: to

    Victorian period

    1837-1901: Reign of Queen Victoria
    1859: Darwin’s Origin of Species
    1871: legal recognition of trade unions
    1880-1: First Boer War (South Africa)
    1868: compulsory elementary state school education introduced in England
    1893: Labour Party founded
    1899-1902: Second Boer War
    1901: death of Queen Victoria
  • Period: to

    20th century

    1901-10: EDWARD VII
    1910-36: GEORGE V
    1910-35: British Empire reached its global territory peak
    1914-18: I World War
    1916: Easter Rising against Britain in Dublin
    1921-2: Northern Ireland remained part of the UK with its own devolved parliament
    1930s: economic depression, poverty and high unemployment
    1936: EDWARD VIII
    1936: abdication of Edward VIII
    1936-52: GEORGE VI
    1939-45: II World War
    1949: Republic of Ireland
    1952-2022: ELIZABETH II
    1950-73: Cold War
    2000: Scottish Devolution
    2020: Brexit