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1492
Columbian Exchange Begins (1492)
The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases. -
Period: 1492 to
European Exploration Era
European ships were traveled around the world for new trading routes. -
1493
Christopher Columbus “Founds” New World
The explore who found new world while searching for a sea route. -
1500
Spanish Encomienda System Begins
The Encomienda System that was a labor system. -
1500
Spanish Casta System Begins
A strict social hagiarchy structured on racial components. -
Period: 1500 to
Triangular Trade
Triangular trade was a trade route that linked north America to Europe to African. -
Period: 1500 to
Middle Passage
The middle passage was a series of routes which which slaves ships used to transport slaves from west Africa to the Americas. -
1520
Small Pox Begins Spreading to Native Americans
A deadly European disease that stayed for a long time and was airborne and killed many. -
1521
Spanish Conquistador Hernan Cortez Conquers the Aztec Empire
Spanish soldiers and explores who led military expeditions in Americas and captured the land for Spain. -
1534
England Splits from the Catholic Church
Catholic Church, and its embrace of Protestantism. Henry established the Church of England in 1532. -
London Company Gains Charter for Set Up English Colony
part of Virginia the London company owned a large portion of Atlantic and inland Canada. -
Jamestown, Virginia Colony Founded
There was years of starvation and death the men spent their time selfishly looking for gold. -
Period: to
Colonial Era
Constant conflicts between England and Spain made it hard for England to focus on their colonization efforts. -
French found Quebec on the St. Lawrence River and Engage in the Fur Trade
It's a system that connect all of the rivers. -
Tobacco introduced to Virginia Colony by John Rolfe
The colony planned to make profit before tobacco from gold then from glass wear. -
First African Slaves Arrive in Jamestown, Virginia Colony
The first African slave to land in Jamestown colony these slaves were stolen from Portuguese. -
Plymouth, Massachusetts Colony Founded
First colonial settlement in New England -
Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact was the first governing document of Plymouth colony. -
New Hampshire Founded
new Hampshire was one of the 13 colonies of the united states and was founded in 1623. -
Dutch New Amsterdam Becomes Capital of New Netherland
Dutch settlements that was started on the islands of Manhattan. -
“City Upon a Hill” John Winthrop
The sermon is famous largely for its use of the phrase "a city on a hill". -
The Great Migration to Massachusetts Bay Colony
Usually refers to the migration in the period of English Puritan's to Massachusetts and the West Indians. -
Maryland Founded
Catholics and protestants seeking religious freedom. -
Thomas Hooker Founds Connecticut
Thomas Hooker was a prominent puritan colonial leader who founded the Colony of Connecticut. -
Pequot War
Conflict between an alliance of Massachusetts Bay and Plymouth Colonies. -
Roger Williams Founds Rhode Island
Roger Williams is best known for finding the state of Rhode Island. -
Harvard College Founded in Massachusetts
Harvard University is a private research it was founded on September 8, 1636. -
Delaware Founded
The Delaware colony was founded in the year 1638 it was part of the state Pennsylvania up until 1703. -
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
The Fundamental orders were adopted by the Connecticut on January 14,1639. -
Maryland Toleration Act
A legal document that allowed all Christian religions in Maryland. -
North Carolina Founded
North Carolina was founded by English settlers looking to make money. -
Iroquois Confederacy Formed
The Iroquois formed a confederacy because they thought uniting themselves would be a much better option. -
Navigation Acts and Mercantilism
The navigation Acts were a series of laws passed by the British parliament. -
South Carolina Founded
south Carolina was founded to make money. -
New York Funded
The largest culture funding. -
New Jersey Founded
The colony was founded by Sir George and Lord Berkley. -
King Phillips War
A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonist. -
Bacon’s Rebellion
bacons rebellion burn down Jamestown to the ground and then bacon sudden illness and death ended the rebellion. -
Pueblo Revolt
Pueblo Indians revolted against Spanish colonizers. -
Quaker William Penn Founds Pennsylvania
Quaker Williams Penn was the leader of religious freedom. -
Period: to
Enlightenment Era
the most apparent cause of Enlightenment was the years of war -
John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government Published
The first Treatise attacks patriarchalism. -
English Bill of Rights
Act passed by parliament over the monarchy. -
Salem Witch Trials
The salmen trails were a series of hearings and prosecution of people accused of which craft. -
Period: to
Salutary Neglect Policy
A policy in which Great Britain allowed each colony to govern itself. -
The Great Awakening
The great awakening was a religious revival that impacted the English colonies. -
Georgia Founded as a Debtors Colony
The document that formally established they colony of Georgia. -
Stono Rebellion
The stono Rebellion was located Charlestown, south Carolina. -
French and Indian War Begins
The French and Indian war was the North American conflict in a larger imperial war between Great Britian. -
French and Indian War Ends (1763)
French and Indian war seven years of war between Great Britain and France as their respective allies. -
Proclamation Line of 1763
Proclamation line separated the British colonies on the Atlantic coast. -
Period: to
Revolutionary Era
The revolutions first major battle. -
Period: to
Republican Motherhood [TIMESPAN 1763-1781]
Republican Motherhood was a concept that women should serve as educators of young men. -
Sugar Act
Also called the Plantation Act British legislation aimed at ending the smuggling trade. -
Stamp Act
The act required colonist to purchase special stamped paper for illegal documents. -
Quartering Act
The quartering act was passed down i n 1765 and meant tat colonist has to feed British. -
Townshend Acts
The British parliament act was passed down in 1767 but many saw it as an abuse of power. -
Boston Massacre
The Boston Massacre was a deadly riot that occurred on March 5,1770. -
Tea Act
the purpose of the Tea act was to help the east Indian company. -
Boston Tea Party
They considered to be unfair taxation on American colonist. -
Intolerable Acts
intolerable acts were punitive laws passed by the British parliament. -
First Continental Congress
First Continental Congress to organize colonial resistance to parliament coercive acts. -
Second Continental Congress
Second Continental Congress was a convention of deflects. -
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense Published
Thomas Paine publishes "common sense" -
Battle of Lexington and Concord
Battle of Lexington and Concord were the military engagements of the American Revolutionary War. -
Continental Army Lead by General George Washington
Continental Army Lead by General George Washington he served as the first American president. -
Declaration of Independence
Declaration of Independence it's Americas birth certificate. -
Benjamin Franklin Becomes French Ambassador
Benjamin Franklin Becomes French Ambassador France charged to gain support for American Independence. -
Adam Smith Publishes “The Wealth of Nations”
Influent book on the market. -
Winter at Valley Forge
Winter at Valley Forge they spent a comfortable winter in Philadelphia. -
Battle of Saratoga
Battle of Saratoga included two crucial battles , fought eighteen days apart. -
Articles of Confederation
Served as the first constitution. -
Period: to
Abolition Movement
was thought to be a compromise between antislavery activists and slavery supporters. -
Battle of Yorktown
Battle of Yorktown against British General Lord Charles. -
Treaty of Paris of 1783
Treaty of Paris of 1783 officially ended the American Revolutionary War. -
Shays’ Rebellion
series of attacks crisis . -
The 3/5ths Compromise
The compromise was an agreement between Jefferson's statement regarding the injustice of the slave. -
Federalist Papers
Referred to series of 85 essays. -
Constitutional Convention/ Philadelphia Convention
It established three branches of government . -
The Great Compromise
Two national legislatures bicameral congress. -
The 3/5ths Compromise
compromise agreements between deletes from the northern and southern states. -
U.S. Constitution (1787)
Established fundamental laws and basic rights for it's citizens. -
Washington Elected 1st President
George Washington was elected 1 president -
Washington Creates Presidential Cabinet
Washington held his first cabinet meeting. -
Bill of Rights Added to U.S. Constitution
The first 10 amendment to the constitution make up the bill of rights -
The French Revolution Begins
there was an attempt to secure gunpowder and weapons. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
Alien and sedition act was a series of four laws passed. -
Washington D.C. Becomes New US Capital
Maryland and Virginia will be the nations permanent capita. -
Whiskey Rebellion (1791)
Farmers from western Pennsylvania protested against the whiskey tax. -
Alexander Hamilton Gets Congress to Approve National Bank
Alexander Hamilton proposed a national bank -
Washington’s Farewell Address
George addressed that American citizens to avoid political parties. -
XYZ Affair
A political and diplomatic episode. -
John Adams (Federalist) Elected 2nd President
John Adams elected 2nd president. -
Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions
The Virginia Kentucky resolutions were political statements drafted. -
Election of 1800 and the Start of the Jeffersonian Era
Fourth US presidential -
Period: to
Manifest Destiny
Was a widely held cultural belief in the 19th-century United States that American settlers were destined to expand across North America. -
Thomas Jefferson (Democratic Republican) Elected 3rd President (1801)
Thomas Jefferson elected third president -
Louisiana Purchase
Louisiana Purchase was a land deal -
Marbury v. Madison
the U.S. Supreme Court first declared an act of Congress unconstitutional, thus establishing the doctrine of judicial -
Congress Passes Preemption Acts
Congress passed a series of laws reforming U.S. policy on acquiring public lands. -
Texas Revolution and Independence from Mexico
Texas Revolution, also called War of Texas Independence, war fought from October 1835 to April 1836 between Mexico and Texas colonists. -
Increased Irish and German Immigration to the North
From the 1820s to the 1840s, Germans and Irish were the two largest groups of immigrants to the United States -
James K. Polk Elected US President (Democrat)
The 1844 United States presidential election was the 15th presidential election, held -
Texas Annexation by the United States
The Annexation of Texas, the Mexican-American War, and the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, -
Frederick Douglass Publishes Autobiography “Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave” (1845)
Spread his story and assist the abolitionist cause. -
Oregon Territory Divided Between British and U.S.
Oregon boundary dispute between the U.S. and Britain was settled with the signing of the Oregon Treaty. -
Mexican American War Begins
The Mexican-American War was a conflict between the United States and Mexico -
Wilmot Proviso
The Wilmot Proviso was designed to eliminate slavery -
Mexican Cession
United States that Mexico ceded to the U.S. in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848 after the Mexican–American War. -
Free Soil Movement Begins
The Free Soil Party was a short-lived coalition political party in the United States -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: Mexican American War Ends
The war between the United States and Mexico. -
California Gold Rush
When gold was found by James W. Marshall at Sutter's Mill in Coloma, California -
Compromise of 1850
Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act was amended and the slave trade -
Harriet Tubman Begins Using Underground Railroad
First encountered the underground Railroad when she used it to escape slavery herself in 1849. -
Fugitive Slave Law Passed in Compromise of 1850
The Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 was part of the Compromise of 1850. -
Harriet Beecher Stowe Publishes “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”
Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly is an anti-slavery. -
Gadsden Purchase
Gadsden Purchase, or Treaty, was an agreement between the United States and Mexico. -
Bleeding Kansas Begins
Used to describe the period of violence during the settling of the Kansas territory. -
Republican Party Created
Commonly cited as the birth of the Republican Party -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
The Kansas-Nebraska Act was an 1854 bill that mandated “popular sovereignty” -
Caning of Senator Sumner
The Caning of Charles Sumner, or the Brooks–Sumner Affair -
Dred Scott v. Sandford
A case in which the Court decided that slaves who were slaves -
John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, Virginia
Assault by an armed band of abolitionists led by John Brown -
Republican Abraham Lincoln Wins Presidential Election of 1860
The 1860 United States presidential election was the 19th quadrennial presidential election. -
Seven Southern States Secede from the Union, Forming the Confederate States of America (1861)
Representatives from Texas arriving later, to form the Confederate States of America. -
Battle of Fort Sumter
Civil War was officially upon both the North and the South. -
Lincoln Suspends Habeas Corpus
Washington, D.C., and Philadelphia to give military authorities the necessary power to silence -
Democrat Jefferson Davis Elected President of the Confederacy
Jefferson Davis is elected president of the Confederate States of America. -
Period: to
The Civil War
The Confederate States of America is formed with Jefferson Davis, a West Point graduate and former U.S. Army officer, as president. -
Emancipation Proclamation
Emancipation Proclamation in the midst of the Civil War. -
Homestead Act
accelerated the settlement of the western territory by granting adult heads of families. -
Battle of Vicksburg
Mississippi River to the Union forces, who would hold it for the rest of the conflict. -
Battle of Gettysburg
Considered the most important engagement of the American Civil War. -
Gettysburg Address
President Abraham Lincoln delivered remarks, which later became known as the Gettysburg Address. -
Johnson Pardons the South
Many southern leaders fled the United States, going to Mexico, Johnson's proclamation. -
Gen. Lee Surrenders to Gen. Grant at Appomattox Court House
General Robert E. Lee's surrender of his Army of Northern Virginia to Union General Ulysses S. Grant. -
President Abraham Lincoln Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth
President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. The attack came only five days after Confederate General Robert E. Lee -
President Andrew Johnson Becomes President
The presidency of Andrew Johnson began on April 15, 1865, when Andrew Johnson became President of the United States. -
Radical Republicans Champion for Black Civil Rights in Congress
To the issue of civil and political rights, the Radical. -
13th Amendment
The Thirteenth Amendment passed by the Senate. -
Freedmen's Bureau Created
Freedmen's Bureau, formally known as the Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen and Abandoned Lands, was established. -
Sharecropping Begins in the South
Sharecropping had come to dominate agriculture across the cotton-planting South. -
Black Codes First Passed in the South
Black codes were restrictive laws designed to limit the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force. -
Ku Klux Klan Formed
Founded in 1865, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) extended into almost every southern state. -
“Scalawags and Carpetbaggers”
Northerners who moved to the South after the Civil War, during Reconstruction. -
Period: to
: Reconstruction Era (1865- 1877)
The Reconstruction era was the period after the American Civil War. -
Impeachment of President Andrew Johnson
During the years immediately following the Civil War, President Andrew Johnson. -
14th Amendment
Constitution of the United States that granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to African Americans and slaves. -
Transcontinental Railroad Completed
the presidents of the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads meet in Promontory. -
15th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote. -
Hiram Rhode Revels Becomes First African American in Congress (Senate) (1870)
Democrats voting against, became the first African American to be seated in the United States Senate. -
Industrialization Begins to Boom
expansion of rail and telegraph lines after 1870 allowed unprecedented movement of people and ideas. -
Nativism Spreads
Political policy of promoting the interests of native inhabitants against those of The Ku Klux Klan spread. -
The “New South” wants Industrialization
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Jim Crow Laws Begin in South
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Standard Oil Company Founded by John D. Rockefeller
Standard Oil Company and Trust) was an American company and corporate trust that from 1870 -
Social Darwinism Theory Gains Popularity
“survival of the fittest”—the idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are innately better. -
Boss Tweed rise at Tammany Hall
An American politician most notable for being the "boss" of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party political machine. -
Telephone Invented by Alexander Graham Bell
Thomas A. Watson talked by telephone to each other over a two-mile wire stretched between Cambridge and Boston. -
Reconstruction Ends
the commission's members included seven Democrats, seven Republicans. -
Period: to
Gilded Age
American Civil War, overlaps the Reconstruction Era. -
Light Bulb Invented by Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison was not the inventor of the electric light bulb. -
3rd Wave of Immigration: “New Immigrants”
That period was followed by the third wave, which lasted about forty years. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
shall be permitted to enter the United States by land without producing to the proper officer of customs. -
Pendleton Act
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Haymarket Massacre
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Dawes Act (1887)
authorized the federal government to break up tribal lands by partitioning them into individual plots. -
Interstate Commerce Act
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Andrew Carnegie’s Book “Gospel of Wealth”
An article written by Andrew Carnegie in June of 1889 that describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich. -
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
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Carnegie Steel Company Founded by Andrew Carnegie
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Homestead Steel Labor Strike
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Pullman Labor Strike
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Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court Case
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Virginia House of Burgesses
The first legislative assembly of element representatives in North America. -
First Two-Party System Created (Dem-Rep vs Federalist)
Two national parties competing for control of presidency , congress and the states.
