the crown of James I ended the independence of the Scottish monarchy.
Parliament executed the king and proclaimed Cromwell «Lord Protector», establishing the Commonwealth Republic.
After Cromwell’s death , the monarchy was reestablished with Charles II.
the parliaments of Scotland and England were unified and the United Kingdom of Great Britain was created.
The growing weight of taxes led to an uprising in the American colonies that culminated in independence from the United States
after quelling the Irish nationalist uprising of 1798, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was created
The United Kingdom gained new territories from its wars with France, particularly from its triumph over Napoleon at Waterloo
following the violent repression of a popular demonstration in Manchester , legislation was passed that limited the right of assembly and freedom of the press.
Robert Owen, considered the founder of English socialism and cooperativism, dedicated himself to promoting the cooperativism and the trade union organization of the workers' movement.
Chartism was the most important mass movement, composed mostly of workers. It took its name from the People’s Charter
the privileges of the Anglican Church were abolished and the situation of the peasants was partially alleviated.
The unions obtained their legalization
the overpopulation determined a shortage of food that forced to resort to import.
women obtained the right to vote.
United Kingdom gained independence from Ireland
In the 1929 elections, Labour won.
the creation of the British Commonwealth (Commonwealth) by the Statute of Westminster recognized the independence of Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.
two days after the German attack on Poland, England declared war on Germany, beginning its participation in World War II
the Soviet Union, Japan and the United States entered the contest
Germany signed its surrender. England, the United States and the Soviet Union were the great victors.
Great Britain withdrew its troops from Belize.
the United Kingdom and Argentina resumed diplomatic relations and their representatives met in Madrid to negotiate on the future of the Malvinas.
conservatives began to suffer a series of electoral setbacks in partial or local elections
the Unionist and Northern Irish nationalist parties were engaged in joint government tasks, culminating in the installation of the executive in December of that year.
Blair’s party won a massive victory in the general election, leading to the replacement of leaders in the Conservative Party.