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the crown of James I ended the independence of the Scottish monarchy.
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Parliament executed the king and proclaimed Cromwell «Lord Protector», establishing the Commonwealth Republic.
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After Cromwell’s death , the monarchy was reestablished with Charles II.
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the parliaments of Scotland and England were unified and the United Kingdom of Great Britain was created.
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The growing weight of taxes led to an uprising in the American colonies that culminated in independence from the United States
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after quelling the Irish nationalist uprising of 1798, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was created
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The United Kingdom gained new territories from its wars with France, particularly from its triumph over Napoleon at Waterloo
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following the violent repression of a popular demonstration in Manchester , legislation was passed that limited the right of assembly and freedom of the press.
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Robert Owen, considered the founder of English socialism and cooperativism, dedicated himself to promoting the cooperativism and the trade union organization of the workers' movement.
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Chartism was the most important mass movement, composed mostly of workers. It took its name from the People’s Charter
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the privileges of the Anglican Church were abolished and the situation of the peasants was partially alleviated.
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The unions obtained their legalization
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the overpopulation determined a shortage of food that forced to resort to import.
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women obtained the right to vote.
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United Kingdom gained independence from Ireland
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In the 1929 elections, Labour won.
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the creation of the British Commonwealth (Commonwealth) by the Statute of Westminster recognized the independence of Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.
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two days after the German attack on Poland, England declared war on Germany, beginning its participation in World War II
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the Soviet Union, Japan and the United States entered the contest
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Germany signed its surrender. England, the United States and the Soviet Union were the great victors.
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Great Britain withdrew its troops from Belize.
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the United Kingdom and Argentina resumed diplomatic relations and their representatives met in Madrid to negotiate on the future of the Malvinas.
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conservatives began to suffer a series of electoral setbacks in partial or local elections
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the Unionist and Northern Irish nationalist parties were engaged in joint government tasks, culminating in the installation of the executive in December of that year.
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Blair’s party won a massive victory in the general election, leading to the replacement of leaders in the Conservative Party.