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9000 BCE
Göbekli Tepe
The walls are made of unworked dry stone and include numerous T-shaped monolithic pillars of limestone that are up to 3 m high. Another, bigger pair of pillars is placed in the centre of the structure. The floors are made of Terrazzo (burnt lime), and there is a low bench running along the whole of the exterior wall. -
Period: 9000 BCE to 3200 BCE
Prehistoric
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8400 BCE
Nevali Çori
The temples were lost when the Ataturk dam was established and flooded the area. The central cult building has been carbon dated to 8,000 BC, and consisted of a temple built with 13 stone uprights in the walls, and with an enormous monolith in the centre (once a pair). The design of the temple has been compared to the Kalasaya at Tiahuanaco, Bolivia, while the hands on the monolith are reminiscent of those on the Easter island statues. -
8000 BCE
Asikli Hüyük
the houses were mud brick and entered through the roof. Archaeologists have discovered large numbers of artefacts made from obsidian – black volcanic glass – as well as bone, antler and copper, with an array of blade types. Here too the dead were buried beneath the floor, and one of the skeletons that has been analysed shows evidence of trepanation (the drilling of a hole in the skull), perhaps for some form of surgery. -
7500 BCE
Derinkuyu
The largest of the Cappadocia underground complexes is multi-storey (18 storeys, 85m deep), with fresh flowing water, ventilation shafts and individually separated living quarters or 'apartments', shops, communal rooms, wells, tombs, arsenals and escape routes. It has the potential to house up to 20,000 people. The complex was air conditioned throughout, with 52 air shafts discovered so far, one of which is 55m deep. -
7200 BCE
Çayönü
The site contains a large number of rectangular stone buildings, laid out in a grid-plan formation, as at Nevali Cori. Many of the buildings show evidence of having had special functions, for example, the 'Flagstone' building has a floor made entirely from large flagstones into which were set megalithic stones (further standing stones were also set in rows nearby), giving it the appearance of the Valley temple, Giza. -
Period: 3200 BCE to 500
Ancient History
In this period Anatoly (turkey) was a place where different civilizations settled in and built great buildings some of them were the troy, that they were before the antique age but the flowering stage was in the antique like others villages . -
3000 BCE
Troy
had as its main characteristic to be built with a regular urban plan, its great walls mostly made of stones give us an idea that it was a city with conflicts and war, in its architecture you can see materials like stones and bricks and dominates the house with great space. It is known for its citadels -
1800 BCE
The Hitties
They were experts in metal-work and have left behind delicate statues made from gold, bronze and copper, particularly of the fertility goddess they worshipped. Many examples of these are on exhibition at the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara. Metal tablets written in Hittite hieroglyphics give us some clues about the daily, and ceremonial, lives of the Hittites. -
800 BCE
Phrygia
In the Phrygia architecture Some buildings, in the citadel of Gordión, capital of the Kingdom of Phrygia, were covered by a very flat gabled roof. The terracotta flat tiles were painted geometric shapes and was of great importance because the tiles were not visible from the ground and also the colorful tiles that made up the tiles. -
550 BCE
Achaemenid Empire(Persian)
Persian architecture was oriented towards an imperial art, following Mesopotamian models in its main palaces and tombs. The use of materials such as marble stone, brick and wood are characteristic in ancient Persia.Persian art and architecture is also influenced by the art of Greece. Persian architecture makes use of abundant symbolic geometry, using pure forms such as circles and squares, and plants are based on symmetrical designs. -
400 BCE
Grece
Later the fall of the Persian Empire, Greece is the one who takes power in Anatolia where anatolian architecture (turkey) acquires basic elements such as the column, considered as part of his art also the straight lines, both horizontal and vertical and decorative elements, as borders, rosettes, eggs, pearls and a very balanced architectural style, everything is made with a measure, a canon, a great perfection and harmony, making it beautiful. -
100 BCE
Rome
Anatolia was able to keep the Hellenistic style and architecture did not suffer great changes
Finally The intensity and the quality of the remains from the Greek and Roman Empires in Turkey, especially in the southern Mediterranean coast, imparts the feeling that you have traveled through a time-machine and arrived in the Hellenistic Era. The remaining artistic and architectural pieces provide us with information about the daily life of the ancient Greek and Roman. -
Period: 395 to 1453
Byzantine empire
was used bricks and stones in the outside and in the inside was used materials such as mosaics with tesserae, marbles, glazed ceramics and gold and silver plates with east influence . it was highlighted the dome on pendentives, that is, spherical triangles, which symbolically is an image of the sky. They also took the use of the semicircular arch and the column with a decorated capital -
Period: 500 to 1499
Middle Age
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527
First gold age
was built the more important cathedrals such as saints and Sergio boats, saint Irene the saints apostles but the more important was the saint Sophia cathedral by Justinian emperor this is masterpiece of the architecture byzantine -
913
Second gold age
in this period Constantinople was invaded by the crusaders and the architecture had a spiritual and creative contents -
1261
Third gold age
this period was represented by churches with domes and circular or polygonal drums -
1453
The classic period
the most important buildings of this period was the classical mosques designed by Sinan , was used a model based on the dome, and changed the proportions, opened the interior of the structure and they liberated it from columns and added more light, with greater emphasis on the use of lighting and shadows -
Period: 1500 to
Modern History
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Modernization period
Ottoman architecture began to be influenced by the Baroque and Rococo styles that were popular in Europe during the reign the ahmed third period ,in the modernization were built mosques and great villas and pavilions around Istanbul -
Tulip Period
In the tulip period the Ottoman Empire started to use the open and public areas and they started to create builds in wet areas for example the waterside residents or a water canal -
Baroque period
Circular, wavy and curved lines are predominant in the structures of this period Major examples are Nur-u Osmaniye Mosque Laleli Mosque and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in Jerusalem was built in this period -
Empire Period
) the empire period was highlighted by the westernization process because the architecture had the same style of the Europe major example are Kuleli Military High School Selimiye Barracks Dolmabahçe Palace Çırağan Palace -
Turkey 20s and 30s
he First National Architectural Movement was an architectural movement led by Turkish architects Vedat Tek and Mimar Kemaleddin Bey . Followers of the movement wanted to create a new and "national" architecture, which was based on motifs from Seljuk and Ottoman architecture. The movement was also labelled Turkish Neoclassical architecture, or the National Architectural Renaissance. -
Turkey 30s to 50s
The Bauhaus style Florya Atatürk Marine Mansion and the Art Deco style Ankara Central Station are among the notable examples of this era. As there were not enough architects in Turkey until the 1950s, various architects were invited by the government from Germany, Austria, Switzerland and France, in order to manage the rapid construction of the new capital Ankara. About 40 architects and urban planners designed and oversaw various projects between 1924 and 1942 -
Second national architectural movement
Inspired by the design characteristics of Fascist architecture in Italy and Nazi architecture in Germany, which sought a modern interpretation of Neoclassical architecture , there was a trend towards creating a new national architecture in Turkey around the 1940s. The movement was called the Second National Architectural Movement . -
1950s and more Western influence
the 1950s, a new generation of architects became more influential in the architectural arena. These were architects who either studied in Europe Their quest for modernist architecture was in line with the International Style and Rationalism.. Even though Turkish architects were able to follow up on the modern design of important architects of the time, they were constrained by the lack of technological infrastructure or insufficient financial resources. -
Turkey 1960s and 1970s
Following the 1960 coup d'état, Turkey endured various kinds of political and economic crises which affected the construction industry as well as the architectural sector. Despite these hardships, architects were able to design some important buildings. Abandoning Rationalism, Turkish architects tried to design their buildings in more flexible and fragmented forms. -
1980s to present
New methods such as prefabrication and curtain wall systems were introduced to Turkish architects and contractors in the 1980s. In addition, steel, aluminum, plastic and glass production increased, which allowed architects to free themselves from rigid forms. -
Turkey in 2299
Turkey will enter the European Union, Meccas will undergo structural changes, modernize and be a very technological cult, in a supposed World War 3 Turkey would be greatly affected by what would recreate their cities with technology and cheaper -
Turkey in the 3000
In 3000 years, if we are not extinct, we would probably avoid water conservation, self-cooling and self-sufficient buildings, solar panels, mechanical and technological refrijeracion, optimal use of space and healthy for the environment.
