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3000 BCE
Cyclops
Polyphemus, better known as the Cyclops is a mythological one-eyed giants in Homer's classic poem The Odyssey. He fails to observe the ancient Greek laws of hospitality when he begins eating King Odysseus' crew after they shipwreck on his island. Homer depicts the Cyclopes as sentient but essentially brutish. They lack the intelligence and problem-solving skills that humans have, but they do have prodigious strength -
1194 BCE
Trojan War
In the Odyssey, Odysseus and his crew land on the island of the Lotus Eaters. Some of his men eat the lotus fruit, which makes them forget their homes and lose the will to leave. Odysseus realizes the danger and drags the men back to the ship. He forces them to continue their journey, despite the tempting peace of the island.
Odysseus learns the importance of staying focused on his goal of returning home. He sees how easy it is to get distracted by tempting pleasures. -
725 BCE
Suitors/Home
After many years of wandering, Odysseus returns home to Ithaca, disguised as a beggar with the help of Athena. His house is overrun by suitors who are vying for the hand of his wife, Penelope, and consuming his wealth. Odysseus secretly plans to take revenge. The killing of the suitors is a decisive moment in The Odyssey, symbolizing Odysseus' reclamation of his home and authority. Through this violent act, Odysseus not only regains control of Ithaca but also establishes his dominance and power. -
701 BCE
Bag Of Wind
a magical container given to Odysseus by the wind god Aeolus, which holds all the unfavorable winds, allowing Odysseus to sail home with a favorable west wind, but his crew, suspecting treasure, open the bag, releasing the strong winds and forcing them back to Aeolus' island. -
701 BCE
Lotus Eaters
In Homer's Odyssey, Odysseus and his crew arrive on the island of the Lotus Eaters after leaving the land of the Cyclopes. The natives of the island, the Lotus Eaters, offer the crew members a mysterious plant to eat. Once consumed, the lotus causes them to forget their homes and desire to stay on the island indefinitely. In this episode, Odysseus loses the loyalty of several crew members, even if temporarily, as the allure of the lotus causes them to forget their ultimate goal. -
701 BCE
Circe
Circe is a beautiful goddess who lives on her island of Aeaea in a palace surrounded by a dense wood. She lures men to her home with her singing while weaving on a loom.Circe has the power to transform people into animals using drugs and incantations. She is also known as polypharmakos, which means "knowing many drugs or charms." -
700 BCE
Helios' Cattle
Odysseus returns to Ithaca after many years, disguised as a beggar with the help of Athena. His home has been overrun by suitors who are trying to marry his wife, Penelope, and take control of his kingdom. Odysseus plans a strategy to reclaim his home and punish the suitors.The slaughter of the suitors serves as a cathartic moment in The Odyssey, marking the restoration of order in Ithaca. -
401 BCE
Scylla and Charybdis
Odysseus faces two dangers in a narrow strait: Scylla, a six-headed monster, and Charybdis, a deadly whirlpool. He chooses to sail closer to Scylla, losing six men but avoiding Charybdis. The crew survives and continues on their journey.Odysseus makes a tough decision to sacrifice a few to save the rest. This highlights the theme of sacrifice and the difficult choices leaders must make. The episode shows Odysseus’ resilience, as he faces loss but keeps moving forward. -
201 BCE
The Sirens
As Odysseus and his crew pass the island of the Sirens, their singing lures sailors to their deaths. To protect his men, Odysseus has them block their ears with beeswax. He wants to hear the song, so he ties himself to the mast. They sail safely past, though Odysseus begs to be freed.The Sirens symbolize temptation. Odysseus learns to control his desires to protect his crew. His decision shows wisdom and leadership, sacrificing personal wants for the safety of his men.