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Group of Seven (Cont.)
But their art pieces instead reflected their own feelings with bright colours and highly noticeable surface patterning. This group paved the way for Canadian art being important, and paved the way for future Canadian artists. -
Group of Seven
The Group of Seven, were a group of seven artists looking to make a change in the world of art. They came together in 1920, and the members were Franklin Carmichael, Lawren Harris, A.Y. Jackson, Franz Johnston, Arthur Lismer, J.E.H. MacDonald and F.H. Varley. They painted the rugged landscapes of Northern Ontario in a way that had never been done before, which caused their works of art to receive a lot of negative criticism. Their art work did not have the naturalism that was normal at the time. -
Insulin
No health professional could ever figure out why or how to control diabetes and just thought that it had something to do with the pancreas. But in 1921, Dr. Frederick Banting suggested a new approach to his research team in University of Toronto. They first used dogs as a test subjects, whom they would prepare extracts of pancreas from duct-ligated dogs for injection into other diabetic dogs. From this they discovered the dogs blood sugar dropped. -
Insulin (cont.)
But the pancreatic extracts were failed to treat diabetes. Frederick Banting’s requested J.J.R. Macleod to put a skilled biochemist to the team whom improved their extracts. In January, 1922 they were able to test their pancreas extracts on humans. They tested it on a 13 year old boy who was almost dying from diabetes, and 12 weeks later his symptoms were relieved. By the end of 1923, manufactures were able to give insulin to diabetics. Frederick Banting’s idea of insulin won him a Nobel prize. -
Old Age Pension Act of 1927
The Old Age Pension Act was accepted by Parliament in 1927. This act was something the government put in place to prevent poverty amongst Canadians after retirement. It started off as a test. This act however, was only for British people 70 years old or older with 20 years of residence in Canada. This pension act paid the person up to $20 a month, though the amount depended on other income and assets. People under this plan considered it, “humiliating.” -
Persons Case
The Person’s case, was a case that lead to women being appointed to the senate for the first time. The woman leading this group are known as “The Famous Five” which included Ellie McClung Henrietta Muir Edwards Irene Parlby Louise McKinney and Emily Murphy. This case started because the British North America Act did not have women under the definition of “person” which prevented them from being part of the senate. -
Persons Case (cont.)
To combat this, they sent a letter to the senate asking “Is power vested in the Governor-General in Council of Canada, or the Parliament of Canada, to appoint a female to the Senate of Canada? Is it constitutionally possible for the Parliament of Canada under the provisions of the British North America Act, or otherwise, to make provision for the appointment of a female to the Senate of Canada?” This was initially rejected but then the Privy Council reversed the decision of the Supreme Court. -
Persons Case (cont.)
On October 19, 1929 they came to the conclusion that the word persons does include women, and that women would now be eligible to work under the senate. -
Stock Market Crash ~important~
In 1929, share prices had dramatically dropped and the stock market had experienced the biggest crash in history. 16.4 million stocks had been sold in Wall Street as panic raised amongst investors. This disaster had occurred because after the first world war, the economy received a huge boom. Demand for new products were rising faster than companies could keep up with and companies were constantly expanding to meet up with consumer demand. -
Why the Stock Market Crashed
Demand for new products were rising faster than companies could keep up with and companies were constantly expanding to meet up with consumer demand. Eventually consumers no longer had a no need for no products and companies found themselves with an excessive amounts of goods and financial decline. The stock market crash lead to the Great Depression, in which many families struggled to make ends meet as banks had shut down, people lost their life savings, and many people were laid off. -
On to Ottowa Trek
Due to the Great Depression, companies started to lay off single men with no families leaving them with nothing to do other than cause “trouble.” That is why the government decided to put these young men in relief camps where they would have to clear bushes, build roads, plant trees, and erect public buildings for shelter and medical care along with a salary of 20 cents a day. The men working there were not happy with this, which is why they chose to leave the camp and go all the way to Ottowa. -
On to Ottowa Trek (cont.)
They rode on trains and trucks to get there. They also travelled to Vancouver so that they could protest the poor conditions in these relief camps. The government refused to take responsibility for these things which is why on June 3, the workers decided to go to Ottawa. Eight of these trekkers went to meet with Prime Minister Bennett. Bennett chose to have the leader of these trekkers arrested, which sparked outrage amongst the men causing violent protests to occur in Regina.