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Unit 12 - Task 2.
Megan Fisher. This task you will be shown a timeline of events on how the passenger transport industry since World War 2. Event's including technology, changes in demand, political and legal changes, environmental versions, and lastly innovation of product/service. Describing each of these events in further detail. -
Environmental versions - Airport expansions.
Since the 40s, airports have expanded significantly worldwide, leading to increased mobility, economic growth, and job creation. However, the expansion of airports has also had negative impacts, including increased air pollution and noise levels, also the displacement of local communities and destruction of natural habitats. To remove the negative impacts, governments and organisations have taken steps such as using noise barriers, fuel-efficient aircraft, and sustainable landings. -
Changes in demand - Commuting.
There have been many changes in commuting since the 1940s, including the rise of car culture and the decline of public transportation in many parts of the world. As well as, advances in technology and the growth of the internet have made it possible for many people to work remotely, reducing the need for daily commuting. There's also been a growing interest in sustainable transportation options, such as biking and walking, as people seek to reduce their carbon footprint and improve their health. -
Environmental versions - Protest camps.
Protest camps have been used for decades as a form of political and social activism to draw attention to a variety of issues. They are often set up in public spaces and are used to stage demonstrations, hold rallies, and engage in other forms of peaceful protest. While sometimes controversial, they remain an important tool for those seeking to bring about change. -
Changes in demand - Income.
There have been many changes in income since the 1940s, including increased wealth and income inequality in many countries, as well as higher levels of income and economic growth over time, a general trend towards higher levels of income and economic growth over time. Additionally, advances in technology and globalization have led to increased economic opportunities and wealth creation in many parts of the world. -
Environmental versions - Widening of motorways.
There has been a significant expansion of motorways and highways since the 1940s. This has led to increased mobility and accessibility for many people. However, the expansion of motorways has also had negative impacts, including increased air pollution and noise levels, as well as the fragmentation of natural habitats and wildlife populations. The widening of motorways since the 1940s has been driven by a variety of economic, social, and environmental factors. -
Environmental versions - Noise pollutions.
Since the 1940s, there has been an increase in noise pollution due to the expansion of transportation. This has led to negative impacts on human health and wildlife populations. Governments and organizations have taken steps to address noise pollution, including the use of noise barriers and noise-reducing technologies. Overall, the increase in noise pollution since the 1940s has been a concern for public health and the environment. -
Environmental versions - Emissions.
Since the 1940s, human activities such as burning fossil fuels and deforestation have led to a significant increase in global carbon dioxide emissions. This has caused negative impacts on the environment, including rising temperatures, sea level rise, and more frequent extreme weather events. Governments and organizations have taken steps to reduce emissions, but global emissions continue to rise. -
Political and legal changes - Privatisation.
Privatization is the transfer of ownership of a public sector enterprise or service to the private sector. It has been used to reduce the role of government in the economy and increase efficiency in the delivery of services since the 1940s. The goal of privatization is to improve the quality of services, reduce costs, and increase competition. While controversial at times, it has been credited with improving efficiency and reducing costs in many cases. -
Political and legal changes - Planning regulations.
lanning regulations are rules and guidelines that govern the use of land and buildings in a particular area. They have been used since the 1940s to control development, ensure public safety, and protect the environment. Planning regulations cover a wide range of issues, including zoning, building codes, environmental protection, and historic preservation. They are an important tool for ensuring that development is sustainable and meets the needs of local communities. -
Changes in demand - Increase of car ownership.
Before the war 88% of US households owned a family car. And by 1945, car ownership had drastically dropped to around 73% of households owning a car. As so many men and women went off to the war, leaving their cars parked up on driveways and in garages. After the war had ended and soldiers, nurses and mechanics retuned to their normal life again and were hungry for new cars there were roughly 26 million cars in the United States the following year. -
Changes in demand - lifestyle changes.
After WW2 every aspect of life was effected, for example new families were created; women began marrying soldiers of different walks of life, children were left fatherless with the fathers dying in war, and many soldiers and prisoners of war rehoming in different countries, cities and towns due to discovering their once called homes have been destroyed in battle. -
Products and services innovations - Introduction of budget airlines.
Budget airlines also known as "No-frills airlines" were very popular in the 1990’s as their a cheap and easy way to travel the world. No-frills airlines are the exact same as budget airlines that aren’t very expensive and the duration isn’t for very long, for example Ryan Air as they are a low cost airline, if you book with Ryan Air you normally stay no longer than a week. -
Products and services innovations - Opening of the channel tunnel.
The Channel tunnel is the longest under sea tunnel in the world, it is also the biggest engineering projects in the UK! The Channel tunnel was built in 1994, it took more than five years to build, with more than 13,000 workers from the UK and France. The Channel tunnel was built to travel with ease and to make a direct link between the UK and France. -
Political and legal changes - Air passenger duty.
Air passenger duty is a tax levied on passengers departing from airports in the United Kingdom. The tax was introduced in 1994, and has been increased several times since then. While air passenger duty did not exist in the 40s, the expansion of airports and air travel since then has led to increased demand for air travel and a corresponding increase in the number of passengers subject to the tax. The revenue generated by air passenger duty is used to fund public services and infrastructure. -
Technology - Online check-in.
Online check-in is a very popular way to check in for your flights all from the comfort of your home. Online check-in is offered by many diverse airlines ranging from Easy-jet to Emirates. To check-in online you will need to provide your name and booking confirmation number. Online check-in is free 48 hours before your flight if you wish to check in earlier, you likely can but for an extra fee. The first airline to offer this service was Alaska Airlines in 1999. -
Political and legal changes - Introduction of congestion charges.
The first ever congestion charge was brought in by the first mayor of London, Ken Livingstone in the early 2000's. With the total congestion charge at £5 per day. The congestion charge was brought in to reducing traffic congestion in and around the charging zone. Now in 2023 many major cities have developed a congestion charge just like London, for example Bath, Birmingham, and Portsmouth. -
Technology - Smart Motorways.
The first smart motorway was M42 in 2006. Smart motorways are used to manage traffic flow. The 3 different types of smart motorways are controlled motorways, Dynamic hard shoulder, and All lane-running motorways. They all have variable speed limits. The difference between the 3 is the controlled motorways have a hard shoulder for emergency use only. Dynamic hard shoulder motorways have a hard shoulder that can open up during busy times. All lane-running motorways have no hard shoulder. -
Political and legal changes - Taxes.
There's been many changes in taxes since the 40s, including changes in tax rates, deductions, as well as the introduction of new taxes and tax credits. Also there has been a growing emphasis on tax fairness and equity, with many countries trying to reduce tax evasion and ensure that the tax is shared fairly across the country. Changes in taxes since the 40s have been driven by a economic, social, and political factors, reflecting changing attitudes towards taxation and its role in society. -
Bibliography P1.
NC312i UK Passenger Transport Industry Level 3 (1).pdf. https://gwent.sharepoint.com/:w:/r/sites/SchoolofServicestoPeopleCrosskeys/_layouts/15/Doc.aspx?sourcedoc=%7B2AC88456-7D2E-4474-90D0-B04A053F4A0D%7D&file=NCFE%20-%20%20Unit%2012%20Ass%20Brief.docx&action=default&mobileredirect=true. https://www.eurotunnel.com/uk/. https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/automobile-rationing-world-war-ii. https://www.britishlegion.org.uk/stories/how-ww2-drove-social-change. -
Bibliography P2
https://www.theaa.com/driving-advice/smart-motorways https://www.tuifly.be/en/online-check-in https://www.smartertravel.com/ups-downs-online-check/#:~:text=Offered%20by%20just%20about%20every%20major%20airline%2C%20online,with%20a%20frequent%20flyer%20or%20credit%20card%20number. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airport_check-in https://www.politics.co.uk/reference/congestion-charge/#:~:text=History%20of%20the%20congestion%20charge,and%20around%20the%20charging%20zone. -