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Railroads
Railroads were the most important innovation of 19th century. It created effective transportation networks, more direct routes, and quicker travel. Farmers sold products on the national market. Railroads caused many towns to swell like Denver, San Francisco, Portland, and Omaha. The Transcontinental Railroad is a famous train route in America that connected from the east to west coast. -
Child Labor
During the Industrial Revolution poor children often worked full time jobs in order to help support their families. Children as young as four years old worked long hours in factories under dangerous conditions. The practice of child labor continued throughout much of the Industrial Revolution until laws were eventually passed that made child labor illegal. The jobs children often did were dangerous and ended up with the loss of a finger, or even a life. Reforms were started to help children. -
Western Settlement: Irish Immigration
Irish people moved to America to escape discrimination, famine, and England. They headed for the land of opportunity, America. Over 50% of the Irish immigrants were women. About 2 million Immigrants moved to America by 1860. In America, they made money by building railroads and farming. Most of them were discriminated by American Nativist who hated them because they were taking all the jobs and willing to do the labor for cheap. -
Laissez-Faire
Literal translation means "Leave alone". Laissez-faire is the doctrine of noninterference, especially by the government, in matters of economics or business. People believed that the economy will balance and lead itself. The government would only disrupt the notion of the economy. -
Temperance
The Temperance movement is a reform movement begun in the 1800's that fought to ban alcohol in the U.S. This movement led to the passage of the 18th Amendment in 1920. Temperance movements typically criticize alcohol intoxication, promote complete abstinence, or use its political influence to press the government to enact alcohol laws to regulate the availability of alcohol or even its complete prohibition. Susan B. Anthony was a supporter of temperance. -
Henry Cabot Lodge
Henry Cabot Lodge was a Republican who disagreed with the Versailles Treaty, and who Led a group of senators during Woodrow Wilson's presidency known as the "reservationists" during the 1919 debate over the League of Nations. Did not like the idea. -
Entrepreneurship
Enterprise is a business organization in a area such as shipping, mining, railroads, or factories. The big entrepreneurs of this time was John Rockefeller, Andrew Carnegie, and Cornelius Vanderbilt are important names for entrepreneurs in this time. Railroads, steel, and oil were the main 3 economies in the Gilded Age. -
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Transforming the West
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Homestead Act
In 1862 congress passed the homestead act offering 160 acres of free land to any citizen or intended citizen who was head of the household. This was land was for anyone who wanted it: Blacks, white, and Natives. The thing about the land is that it was infertile. The soil was not good for crops and farming. The owners were poor and famished. They still took pride in their homes though, because it was all they had and they were in the good ol' west. -
Union Pacific
A railroad that started in Omaha, and it connected with the Central Pacific Railroad in Promentary Point, UTAH. It connects to the Central Pacific Railroad in Sacramento. The railroad company was granted 20 square-miles of land for every mile of track built, also given large federal loans. Employed Irish labor gangs, chinese, and poor whites who provided cheap labor to build the railroad. -
Westward settlement: Cattle drives
A cattle Drive is when Cattle are moved to the railroads in order to send to market. At first it was hard for cowboys and farmers to contain the heard in open range (unfenced land for miles) until barbed wired was made and it kept cows inside the path. It kept them away from people and other animals. -
W.E.B. DuBois
W.E.B. DuBois is a famous black activist who preached prominent black intellectuals. He believed that education from elite professinals and teachers would lead to civil rights for blacks. He wanted IMMEDIATE civil rights and that blacks couldn't get better economically with out being equal socially first. He is the co-founder of NAACP(National Association for the advancement of Colored People) and he wanted to over turn Jim Crow laws. -
Montgomery Ward
Montgomery Ward was started by Aaron Montgomery Ward. He sent its first catalog out in 1872. These catalogs were for people that desired an item that wasn't at the local general store, so the farmers would buy stuff over the mail order catalogs. This was the highest selling retailer until sears came and over took the spot. Though Montgomery was the first major American retailer. -
Ghost Dances
The Ghost Dance was a ritual dance by Plain Indians to hasten end of the world, disappearance of whites, revilization of former cultures and hunting grounds, and reuniting with departed friends. They did this dance to try and bring back spirits of their ancestors. While the whites were trying to assimilate them. This dance lead to Wounded Knee, When the Sioux gathered here for the Ghost Dance in 1890 U.S. troops opened fire killing 300 men, women, and children. -
Battle of Little bighorn
The Battle of Little Bighorn was led by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer against a band of Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne warriors. Custer was unaware of the number of Indians fighting under the command of Sitting Bull at Little Bighorn, and his forces were outnumbered and quickly overwhelmed in what became known as Custer's Last Stand. -
John Rockerfelle
John Rockefeller was a man who started from meager beginnings and eventually created an oil empire. In Ohio in 1870 he organized the Standard Oil Company. By 1877 he controlled 95% of all of the refineries in the United States. It achieved important economies both home and abroad by it's large scale methods of production and distribution. He also organized the trust and started the Horizontal Merger. He was also a Robber Barron and a Philanthropist. -
Political Machine
Political Machines were large cities that need new political structure. The main goals were the rewards (money, influence, prestige) of getting and keeping power. Though political machines are known for fraud and bribery, it provided relief, security, and services to voters.Ward bosses were popular in immigrant societies. Ward bosses were categorized in 3 groups: precinct captains, ward captains, and district captains. -
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The Gilded Age
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Exodusters
Freed African Americans who fled to Kansas during the Reconstruction Era of the 1880's. After slavery ended, Blacks in the south realized that their liberation meant the privilege of going wherever they want to go. They migrated North to leave their oppression behind them. Only to be discriminated in the North as well. Though still discriminated, the North was less aggressive with their thoughts of superiority compared to the south. -
Francis Willard (Suffragette)
Francis Willard became the leader of the WCTU. She worked to educate people about the evils of alcohol. She urged laws and acts that would ban the sales of liquor. Also worked to outlaw saloons as a step towards strengthening democracy. The women's Christian Temperance Union was led b Francis Willard, "Interest group" following the Civil War, urged women's suffrage. -
Nativist
A nativist is a person who favors those born in his country and is opposed to immigrants, specifically, a native born American who wants to limit immigration (and outside influence). They hated minorities, immigrants and Catholics. They are the cause of the Chinese Exclusion act and the persecution of immigrants in west American. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
The Chinese Exclusion Act, outlawed Chinese immigration for 10 years and explicitly denied naturalization rights to Chinese in the U.S. They were not allowed to become citizens. It was placed to protect jobs for whites because Chinese were willing to work for much lower wages. Supported by labor unions because of the cheap work they provided. -
Spoils System
The Spoils System is the system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power; practice of rewarding supporters with government jobs. This was changed by the Pendleton Act, where it established that positions within the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation. -
Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show
The Buffalo Bill's Wild West Show was a show made by William Frederick Cody which reenacted famous frontier events and life in the west.The shows included fake Indian attacks, and tried to evoke the mythical romance of the Old West. It portrayed the West as full of adventure and romance. It rarely depicted the reality of western life. -
Cocaine Toothache Drops
During this time people started realizing that their health was in stake because of the uncleanliness and neglectful workers in the food and drug industries. There were lots of bad things happening in the meat industry with both workers and the actual meat. Food and meat factories had to be inspected and approved. Harmful drugs were also being sold to the public. Cocaine infused wine, cocaine toothache drops, heroin cough syrup. -
Blacklists
This was a list of people who agitated companies that was circulated to employers so they couldn't get jobs. -
Social Darwinism
The belief that only the fittest survive in human political and economic struggle. The root of this ideology is from Darwinism, created by Charles Darwin and Herbert Spencer's famous quote "survival of the fittest". Basically Social Darwinism claims that those are poor are poor because they have not adapted and are weak, whereas those who are rich are the fittest and the strong ones in life. -
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Imperialism
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Becoming An Industrial Power
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
The Sherman Anti-Trust Act was the first law to limit monopolies in the United States. This wanted to create a fairer competition in the workforce and to limit any take-over's of departments of merchandise. It was passed to control business monopolies that conspire to restrain US trade. The court ordered were issued against any person or group the conspired to restrain trade. However, for the most part, politicians were unwilling to enforce this law until Teddy Roosevelt's Presidency. -
Depression of 1893
In 1873, a paralyzing panic broke out caused by too many railroads and factories being formed than existing markets could bear and the over-loaning by banks to those projects. Essentially, the causes of the panic were the same old ones that'd caused recessions every 20 years that century: too easy credit and over speculation. -
Coinage of Silver
The currency argument between Republicans and Democrats. Where Republicans wanted "hard money" which was gold. The Democrats wanted "soft money" which was paper money or silver. The Silver Act was a compromise were tariffs got higher and prices increased. The price of silver fell, and to make the panic of 1893 worse they switched the currency back to gold. -
William Jennings Bryan
This Democratic candidate ran for president most famously in 1896 (and again in 1900). His goal of "free silver" (unlimited coinage of silver) won him the support of the Populist Party. Though a gifted orator, he lost the election to Republican William McKinley. He ran again for president and lost in 1900. Later he opposed America's imperialist actions, and in the 1920s, he made his mark as a leader of the fundamentalist cause and prosecuting attorney in the Scopes Monkey Trial. -
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Progressive Era
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Emilio Aguinaldo
Emilio Aguinaldo was a Filipino who led American troops and captured Manila, collaborating with Filipino insurgents to overthrow the Spanish rulers. Eager to fight for the cause of Philippine independence, in 1895 Aguinaldo took up with a secret society of revolutionaries headed by fellow lodge member Andres Bonifacio. When a rival faction executed Bonifacio in 1897, Aguinaldo assumed total leadership of the revolution against Spain. -
Yellow Journalism
Yellow Journalism, created by William Randolph Hearst, is the fabrication of news paper stories. It became apart of American media during the Spanish-American war. It increased news paper sales, it was used against Spain, and it showed tales of tape and murder in Cuba. It was used to increase paper circulation prior to the Spanish-American war by exaggerating misdeeds of Spain prior to the war. -
U.S.S. Maine Incident
The destruction of the Maine, is an incident preceding the Spanish-American War in which a mysterious explosion sank the U.S. battleship Maine in the harbor of Havana. Yellow journalism blamed Spain. There were 260 Americans who died, and this is how America called for war against Spain. Although it was later concluded that it was an internal explosion caused by a fire in the coal bunker, the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine provided an excuse for those eager for war with Spain. -
Treaty of Paris - 1898
The Treaty of Paris of 1898 was an agreement made in 1898 that involved Spain relinquishing nearly all of the remaining Spanish Empire, especially Cuba, and ceding Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the United States. The United States also became a wold power. -
Open Door Policy
The Open Door Policy is a policy proposed by the US in 1899, under which ALL nations would have equal opportunities to trade in China. Enunciated in Secretary of State John Hay's Open Door Note, dated September 6, 1899 and dispatched to the major European powers. -
Vertical Intergration
Vertical Integration is when you buy your suppliers out, in order to control your own raw materials and businesses. The production and/or distribution of a product or service are controlled by a single company or entity, in order to increase that company's or entity's power in the marketplace. -
Booker T. Washington
Booker T. Washington was a former slave who started preaching about prominent black intellectuals. He wanted economical equality among whites and believed that that was the only way black people would move up in the world. He did not fight for civil rights and care only for the economical issues in the black community. He said economic equality with whites would leads to equal rights sooner or later for blacks. -
Wizard of Oz
The book Wizard of Oz is said to be based about the social and political problems of the Gilded Age. The yellow brick road is representing the gold standard. The silver shoes Dorthy wears represents silver coinage and the currency reform arguments. William Jennings Bryan was represented by the cowardly lion, the eastern laborers were represented by the tin woodman, and the scarecrow represented the Midwestern farmers. The connections with the book and the gilded age are impeccable. -
Teddy Bear
Theodore Roosevelt, also known by his nick name "Teddy", got the name when Roosevelt participated in a bear-hunting trip in Mississippi. While hunting, Roosevelt declared the behavior of the other hunters “unsportsmanlike" after he refused to kill a bear they had captured. From then on Roosevelt and the bear were in political cartoons together and he even used a teddy bear fro his mascot. The name "Teddy" just kind of stuck with him from then on. -
Square Deal
The Square Deal included three C's: the conservation of natural resources, the creation of controls and regulation for corporations, and consumer protection programs. The economic policy by Roosevelt that favored fair relationships between companies and workers. Under the Square Deal, President Roosevelt and Congress passed various legislation for these goals. -
Big stick Policy
"Speak softly, and carry a big stick" this is the infamous phrase T.D.R. used to present his policy. Theodore Roosevelt's imperialist policy promoting the US as a world power. The treaty that ended the Russo-Japanese War; Open Door Policy with China; Panama Canal; world tour of the Great White Fleet; all of which gave rise to world-power status. An extension to the Monroe Doctrine whereby the US could intervene in disputes between North and South America and other world powers. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
After the release of "The Jungle" by Upton Sinclair, it showed the reality of the food industry. Which held rotten meat, severed fingers, and rat feces. The Pure Food and Drug Act permits the government fine companies who falsely advertise their products. The act was signed by Teddy Roosevelt himself along with the Meat Inspection Act. -
Education
In the Gilded Age, children did not really have an education and normally worked to keep their families financially going. Though people started to see the cruelty in child labor. They started to say things like it ruined childhood, damaged health, and made kids lack educational opportunities. SCOUTS soon deemed child labor unconstitutional and school attendance mandatory. -
Picture Brides
The term picture bride refers to the practice in the early 20th century of immigrant workers in Hawaii and the West Coast of the United States and Canada selecting brides from their native countries via a matchmaker, who paired bride and groom using only photographs.Once the matchmaker finds a suitable match, they are married and the bride is sent over on a one-way trip to the United States. -
Paper sons
Paper sons or paper daughters is a term used to refer to Chinese or Japanese people that were born in China who illegally immigrated to the United States. It is a form of illegal immigration that started after 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act. Chinese Americans went back to China and reported fictive births that they sold/gave to other Chinese in the US to foster immigration to the United States. -
Progressives
Was a philosophical approach that started in the late 1800s to increase democracy in America by curbing the power of the corporation. It fought to end corruption in government and business, and worked to bring equal rights of women and other groups that had been left behind during the industrial revolution. -
Woodrow Wilson
made US most powerful country in world, declared neutrality to get US to mediate end to war, asked for declaration of war, associated power of allies, main goal was to create a new structure of peace, 28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, women's suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, wrote 14 points post-war plan, and created League of Nations. -
No Man's Land
No Man's Land was a strip of land between the trenches of opposing armies along the Western Front during WW1. Majority of the soldiers ended up dying if they got picked to go into no mans land. There was barbed wire, artillery shell holes, and many dead bodies in No Man's Land. If you spent 3 weeks in the trenches, you would get 1 week off. But most would be dead before 3 weeks ended. -
Allied Powers: France, Russia, Great Britian
The coalition formed by Britain and her colonies (Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and India), France, and Russia from the Beginning of the war, and later other countries like Belgium, Italy, and the US. -
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Archduke Franz Ferdinand's assassination prompted the start of WW1. He was killed by a Serbrian man who was a black hand member, Gavrilo Princip. Austria-Hungary declares war on Bosnia, and Germany sides with Austia. This event sparked a series of actions that led to the beginning of WWI. -
Schleiffen Plan
Since Germany's location was between 2 allies, which put them in a bad spot in war, The Schlieffen plan was made in 1905 by German army general Alfred Von Schlieffen. For the purpose of avoiding a war on two fronts, one against Russia on the east, and the other against France on the west. It proposed Germans to go through Belgium then attack France, Belgium resisted, other countries took up their aid, long fight, used trench warfare. -
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World War I
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United States as a neutral power
The U.S. decided to remain neutral in the beginning of WW1. They only traded with Great Britain, but had no involvement in the war. President Wilson sought to distance the US from WWI by issuing a proclamation of neutrality, Wilson's policy of neutrality was consistent with America's traditional policy of avoiding European entanglements, Wilson insisted that all belligerents respect American neutral rights on the high seas. -
Panama Canal
The Panama Canal was the shortest route between Caribbean and the Pacific. Theodore Roosevelt purchased the right to build it for $40 million. It is a ship canal 50 miles long across the Isthmus of Panama built by the United States used as a shortcut between the Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. Columbia resisted at first, but i was finished being built in 10 years. -
National Park System
It was established in 1916. The public demanded reforms to create NPS. Created by T. Roosevelt to protect public land from exploitation/development. First national park was Yellowstone in Wyoming. Land was added to parks and new ones were created. NPS runs all national parks, monuments, and historical sites. -
Mustard Gas
Mustard Gas was a new invention in WWI. Colorless and odorless, damaged lungs and blistered skin, contaminates area it was used on for up to a month, most deadly out of the three. It was a vesicant that was introduced by Germany in July 1917 prior to the Third Battle of Ypres. The Germans marked their shells yellow for mustard gas and green for chlorine and phosgene; hence they called the new gas Yellow Cross. -
First Red Scare
As world War I was ending, a fear driven, anti- communist movement, known as the First Red Scare began to spread across the US. in 1917, Russia had undergone the Bolshevik Revolution. The Bolshevik established a communist government that withdrew Russian troops from the war effort. Americans believed that Russia had let down it's allies, including the United States, by pulling out of the water. -
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Shell shook was the early term used for PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) it was debated whether the condition had a physiological or psychological cause. In WW1, shell-shock linked mental shock illnesses to trench warfare. Appeared to have psychological scars of when they fought such as sweats, nightmares, headaches and fear from something. -
Harlem Renaissance
the Harlem Renaissance, was the blooming of African American culture, particularly in the creatives arts, and the most influential movement in African American history. Embracing literature, music, theater, and visual arts, participants sought to reconceptualize "the Negro" apart from the white stereotypes that had influenced black peoples' relationship to their heritage and to each other. -
14 points
They were listed in a speech delivered by President Woodrow Wilson on January 8th 1918, explaining to Congress and the nation that WWI as being fought for a just cause. It also set the foundations for peace plans and was the basis for the German armistice. The Speech contained thoughts of Democracy, free trade, disarmament, and resolution of territorial disputes. It also shows his personal idea called "League of Nation" an organization for world peace. -
Espionage Act
The Espionage Act is a federal law passed shortly after The U.S entered WWI. The act made it a crime for a person to mail or print information that inspired dissent against the American war effort or promoted its enemies. There are actually a set of amendments to the Espionage Act, which prohibited many forms of speech, including "any disloyal, profane, scurrilous, or abusive language about the form of government of the United States. -
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles declares that World War I officially ended with the signing of it on June 28, 1919, the anniversary of Archduke's assassination. It was negotiated among the Allied powers with little participation by Germany. It crippled Germany's economy and the German couldn't rebuild. German colonies had to be given up and they were officially held responsible for the the start of the war. -
Volstead Act
The National Prohibition Act, known informally as the Volstead Act, was enacted to carry out the intents of the 18th amendment, which established halt. The act states "No person shall manufacture, sell, barter, transport, import, export, deliver, furnish, or possesses any intoxication liquor except as authorized by this act," It did not specifically prohibit this purchase of use of intoxication liquor. -
Jews
In the late 18th century more than two millions Jews came to America. They came for the freedom and opportunity. Many were unskilled laborers That struggled to learn English. Most worked in factories , manufacturing, and construction.They embraced American culture and made the country their new home. The German Jews for the most part succeeded easily in America, life was much harder for the Eastern European Jews who came in the great migrations. -
Assembly Line Process
Invented by Henry Ford, is an assembly line is a manufacturing process (most of the time called a progressive assembly) in which parts (usually interchangeable parts) are added as the semi-finished assembly moves from workstation to workstation where the parts are added in sequence until the final assembly is produced. The assembly line process standardized auto parts, improved machinery, produced more care for less, and passed savings on to consumers. -
Marcus Garvey
Born in Jamaica, Garvey aimed to organize blacks everywhere but achieve hos greatest impact in the United States, where he tapped into and enhanced the growing black aspirations for justice, wealth, and sense of community. During WWI and the 1920s, his Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) was the largest black secular organization in Africa- American history. Possibly a million men and women from the United States, the Caribbean and Africa. -
Sacco & Vanzetti
Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti were victims of the anti-immigrant feeling of the time.The two men were Italian immigrants who openly said that they hated the American system of government. They were called anarchists - members of a political group that believed in the overthrow of all governments. After going to a garage to claim a car that police said was connected with the crime, Sacco and Vanzetti were arrested and charged of murder. -
19th Amendment
The 19th amendment guaranteed women the constitutional right to vote. After suffragettes like Ida B. Wells and Susan B. Anthony who fought for equal rights for women and suffrage. -
Birth Control
The practice of birth control was common throughout the U.S. prior to 1914, when the movement to legalize contraception began. Longstanding techniques included the rhythm method, withdrawal, diaphragms, contraceptive sponges, condoms, prolonged breastfeeding, and spermicides. Women of America felt a sense of liberation with the new freedom of the 1920s. -
Scopes Monkey Trial
The Scopes Trial, formally known as The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial because of the teaching of evolution, was an American legal case in which a substitute high school teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which had made it unlawful to teach Evolution. During this trial, attorneys Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan squared off on the teachings of Darwin versus the teachings of the Bible. -
Klu Klux Klan
At its peak in the 1920s, The Klu Klux Klan membership exceeded 4 million people nationwide. The organization of the Ku Klux Klan coincided with the beginning of the second phase of post-Civil War Reconstruction, put into place by the more radical members of the Republican Party in Congress. They oppressed and terrorized blacks. Lynched them in trees and celebrated the death of African Americans. They also hated Asians and basically anyone who was not a white American. -
Mein Kampf
Mein Kampf, literal translation meaning "My struggle", is a 1925 autobiographical book by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler. The work describes the process by which Hitler became antisemitic and outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany. Volume 1 of Mein Kampf was published in 1925 and Volume 2 in 1926. The book was edited by Hitler's deputy. It promotes extreme German nationalism and states that and anticommunism are linked together by a Social Darwinian theory of struggle. -
Herbert Hoover
Republican candidate who assumed the presidency in March 1929 promising the American people prosperity and attempted to first deal with the Depression by trying to restore public faith in the community. He was orphaned as a child and was a terrible public speaker. A really closed of man and introverted. The beginning of his presidency was good, but after the depression everything went down hill. -
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The Great Depression
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Valentine's Day Massacre
The St. Valentine’s Day Massacre, as it was known, was Al Capone's massacre on seven disarmed members of a rival gang. Bugs Moron (Chicago gangster, Capone's rival) nearly died, 7 of his men were lined up against a wall and shot. Bug's men were bootlegging alcohol from a warehouse when Capone's men entered as police claiming it was a raid. Al Capone got away with it, his alibi was that He was in Florida meeting with a local judge. -
Father Charles Coughlin
Catholic priest in Detroit suburbs had weekly sermons broad cased nationally over radio. Later was notorious for sympathy for fascism &outspoken anti-semitism. Before known primarily as advocate for changing the banking & currency systems; proposed a series of monetary reforms that he insisted would restore prosperity &ensure economic justice. 1935, est the Nat Union for Social Justice &believed to have 1 of the largest regular radio audiences of anyone in US. -
Alphabet Soup
The Alphabet Soup is a term used to reference the New government agencies that were created because of the Great Depression. Public Works Administration (1933) (PWA) – Construction projects to help poor. The Works Progress Administration (WPA) (1935) – public works projects employed 8 million (various occupations). Largest New Deal program (ended in 1943). And MANY other associations, this is why it is called the alphabet soup. -
The Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl was years of unsound agriculture practices combined with a drought during 1930s which caused millions of pounds of topsoil to be blown away from Texas to Dakotas. Farming was nearly impossible, so Hundreds of thousands of farmers migration from Great Plains to West Coast. Major dust storm would occur over the country where strong, turbulent wind carried tons of sand and soil, killing crops, cattle, and encasing people inside their homes. -
Hoovervilles
Shanty towns that the unemployed built in the cities during the early years of the Depression; the name given to them shows that the people blamed Hoover directly for the Depression. This was because Hoover was so terrible at attending to his countries needs. He would publicly state that "No one is actually starving" and 20% of the country was unemployed. -
Election of 1932
Herbert Hoover (Republican) against Franklin Delano Roosevelt (Democrat) in election of 1932. Rosevelt won overwhelmingly. The United States presidential election took place as the effects of the 1929 Wall Street Crash and the Great Depression were being felt intensely across the country. President Herbert Hoover's popularity was falling as voters felt he was unable to reverse the economic collapse, or deal with prohibition. -
First 100 Days
The first 100 days of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency began on March 4, 1933, the day Roosevelt was inaugurated as the 32nd President of the United States. It has become a tradition for every president to compare their first 100 days to FDR because he had the most laws passed than any other president. He devoted his time getting legislation to pass laws to alleviate the depression. -
The holocaust
The Holocaust was the persecution and annihilation of European Jewry by Nazi Germany and its collaborators between 1933 and 1945. Jews were the primary victims—6 million were murdered; Gypsies, the handicapped, and Poles were also targeted for destruction or decimation for racial, ethnic, or national reasons. Millions more, including homosexuals, Jehovah's Witnesses, Soviet prisoners of war, and political dissidents, also suffered grievous oppression and death under Nazi tyranny. -
21st Amendment
The Twenty-first Amendment (Amendment XXI) to the United States Constitution repealed the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which had mandated nationwide Prohibition on alcohol. This is the amendment that undoes the 18th amendment where you can not drink alcohol. -
Huey Long "The Kingfish"
Huey Long. "Kingfish", A Senator from Louisiana who proposed a "Share Our Wealth" program that promised a minimum annual income of $5,000 for every American family which would be paid for by taxing the wealthy. This plan would include heavy taxes on inheritance and estates from the rich and given to the poor called. Announced his candidacy for president in 1935, but was killed by an assassin Carl Weiss. -
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World Was II
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Blitzkrieg
A blitzkrieg is a form of warfare Germans used to invade and capture other countries. In a blitzkrieg, troops in vehicles, such as tanks, make quick surprise strikes with support from airplanes. These tactics resulted in the swift German conquest of France and Poland in 1940. The translation if blitzkrieg is "lightning war" because of the bombs and bullets being shot from the air craft. -
Auschwitz
The Auschwitz concentration camp complex was the largest of its kind established by the Nazi regime. It included three main camps. All three camps used prisoners for forced labor. One of them also functioned for an extended period as a killing center. The camps were located approximately 37 miles west of Krakow. -
Navajo Code Talkers
The Navajo Code Talkers were a group of Native Americans who served in the United States Marine Corps during World War. Their mission was to send and receive secret coded messages that the enemy could not understand. The job of these brave Marines was critical to the American victory over Japan. This was especially true on the island of Iwo Jima, scene of some of the most brutal fighting during World War II. -
Pearl Harbor
Pearl Harbor is a U.S. naval base near Honolulu, Hawaii, and was the scene of a devastating surprise attack by Japanese forces on December 7, 1941. Just before 8 a.m. on that Sunday morning, hundreds of Japanese fighter planes descended on the base, where they managed to destroy or damage nearly 20 American ships. The were looking for the air craft, but it was not there. If the JPN had been able to destroy them, the Germans may have won the war. -
D-Day
D-Day is the turning point of WWII. It is when Western Allies landed in Northern France to open a Second Front against Germany. The Normandy Invasion drove the Germans out of France. The Normandy landings were the landing operations of the Allied invasion of Normandy in Operation Overlord during World War II. Code named Operation Neptune and often referred to as D-Day, it was the largest seaborne invasion in history. -
Atomic Bomb
The Americans wanted to make a statement because of the disrespect from JPN. The dropped an atomic bomb on Hiroshima and nagasaki. The population of Hiroshima had reached a peak of over 381,000 earlier in the war but prior to the atomic bombing, the population had steadily decreased because of a systematic evacuation ordered by the Japanese government. At the time of the attack, the population was. -
Segregation of the military
Despite the gains of the abolition of slavery and the three Reconstruction amendments to the Constitution, Jim Crow segregation had pervaded every aspect of American society since the 1890s. And the military was no exception. When black men volunteered for duty or were drafted following the Japanese sneak attack they were relegated to segregated divisions and combat support roles, such as cook, quartermaster and grave-digging duty. The military was as segregated as the Deep South. -
Hiroshima, Japan
The US clued for surrender of Japan in the Potsdam Declaration on July 26, 1945. But the Japanese government ignored this ultimatum. So on August 6, 1945, during World War II (1939-45), an American B-29 bomber dropped the world's first deployed atomic bomb over the Japanese city of Hiroshima. The explosion wiped out 90 percent of the city and immediately killed 80,000 people; tens of thousands more would later die of radiation exposure. -
Hoover flags
Were pants pockets that had been turned inside out, symbolizing a lack of money. They named it after him because they blamed him for the depression and he was a bad president who didn't step up to take care of the country.
