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Before 1800, the traditional range of the Choctaw, Chickasaw, Cherokee, Creek and Seminole included all of present day southeast United States.
The Osage lived in what would become the US designated Indian territory as the United States population increased, treaties were made with Indians to legitimize federal land accusations -
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More than 20,000 Indians lived in virtual slavery on the California missions -
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Trail Of Tears
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The United States government began the removal process of the five civilized Tribes of southeast America (Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Choctaw,
And Chickasaw) -
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Between 1800 and 1830 the Choctaw signed eight separate treaties each time forced to give up more of their traditional homeland -
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Over the next couple years few tribes start to give up their land and start moving west of the Mississippi to the reservations. -
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The Choctaw signed the treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, which became the first removal treaty enacted under authority of the Indian removal act. Soon after all southwest tribes were forced to endure the long journey known as the trail of tears. -
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President Andrew Jackson’s submitted a bill to congress declaring the need for removal of tribes that had discovered the land and settled in the east moving them west of the Mississippi river and putting them on reserves which were basically prison camps for Native American settlers. -
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The Indian Removal Act was passed -
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The state of Georgia made it “unlawful for Cherokee to meet in Council unless it is for the purpose of giving up land" -
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The court's decision in the Cherokee vs. Georgia case stated that “Indians were neither US citizens nor independent nations but rather wear domestic dependent nations whose relationship to the US resembles that of a ward to his guardian” -
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A law passed making it illegal for any Indian to remain within the boundaries of Florida. -
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Over 14,000 Creek Indians were forcibly removed by the US Army from Alabama to a reservation in Oklahoma. -
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2/3 of the 6,000 Blackfeet Native Americans died of smallpox. -
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Even though the supreme court's rulings in 1831 and 1832 had stated that the Cherokee had a right to stay on the lands that they discovered, President Jackson sent federal troops to forcibly remove almost 16,000 Native Americans who had refused to relocate westward under the unrecognized Treaty of New Echota (1835) -
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American soldiers herded most Native American into camps where they remain imprisoned throughout the summer and when at least 1,500 passed away the remaining began a forced 800-mile march to Oklahoma that fall. -
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In all some 4,000 Cherokee died during the Trail of Tears process -
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Westward migration begins along the Oregon Trail through Plains Indian country. -
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Fort Smith and others were established to ease tension and keep peace between arriving tribes the forts were the primary source of goods for Indians, as promised in their treaties with the government.
