-
From its origins in Southeast Asia, by 1000 BCE, sugar cane had reached India. By the end of the Classical Era, sugar was known in Persia as a wonderful luxury for cooking and sweetening.
-
Bananas reached Africa by around 1000 BCE. Bananas spread as a crop and a food into China, and may have been known in parts of the Middle East.
-
Kaveripattinam was the capital and major port city of the early Chola kings of the Tamil state.
-
The Classical Era was from 1000 B.C.E-300 C.E.
Historians think that long-distance trade from Egypt and Mesopotamia may have declined
around 1000 BCE. During the second half of the millennium, trade expanded among new groups of people. Several strong states existed at this time, including the
Mauryan Empire (323-185 BCE) of India, the Persian Empire, the Roman Empire in Europe,
and the Han Dynasty in China. -
The Phoenicians dominated trade and travel during the first millennium BCE. They also specialized in making glass products. The Phoenicians imported and exported items like wine, olives and olive oil, wheat, spices, metals, honey, and cedar wood.
-
A dye used in fabrics and other artistic pursuits. Created by fermenting the Indigo flower, it was traded in China, Rome, Greece, Babylon, and India.
-
Aksum inked to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean trade networks by its port city of Adulis, It exported gold, gems, spices, incense and ivory to Greece, India, Sri Lanka, and Persia.
-
600 B.C- Iron metallurgy was introduced to China and silk was introduced to the trade system. China exported the silk and this silk was highly prized in India, the Middle East, and the Roman Empire.
-
The Greek coin currency was introduced.
-
Between 600 and 300 BCE, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism spread across the Bay of Bengal to Southeast Asia.
-
Three large trade networks developed between 600 BCE and 600 CE: the Silk Road, the Indian Ocean trade, and the Saharan trade.
-
Confucius developed concepts about society, education, and government that continued to be followed in China. Confucianism, became widely popular in Chinese culture and society after the 2nd century B.C. with the five classics becoming the core of education. The ideas and values would spread throughout the world.
-
Cinnamon and cassia arrived in the Gulf of Aden on the monsoon winds at least from around 500 BCE.
-
The camel saddle was developed in Northern Arabia between 500 and 100 BCE. The frame held the saddle over the hump with two pieces of wood or rope on each side of the hump parallel with the camel's backbone. It allowed for the camels to carry more of a load which made trading and traveling a lot easier for the people.
-
The Peloponnesian War was an ancient Greek war fought by Athens and its empire against the Peloponnesian League. The destruction of Athens fleet ended the war, and Athens surrendered the following year. The war reshaped the Greek Civilization. Sparta was leading power and poverty was widespread effecting international relations.
-
The Athenian Plague was a massive plague that killed 1/3 of the population, including Pericles.
-
Alexander the Great defeated the Persian Empire and extended Greek control over lands in western Asia, Egypt, Central Asia, and the Indus Valley. He also founded the city of Alexandria in Egypt, which would become a major center of art and trade.
-
During the period of Mauryan Rule, there was a great expansion in trade between main centers of civilization in Eurasia and Africa
-
Frankincense and myrrh trading served as a driving force to open Indian Ocean Trade. During the Classical Era, they were transported by Arab merchants.
-
The establishment of a land-based trade route in Northern Africa that cut though the Sahara Desert. This allowed trading to be done more effectively. It used camels for transportation of goods which also made it more efficient.
-
Ashoka was one of the most famous Indian emperors. He ruled from 271-232 B.C.E. He sent religious envoys abroad which encouraged contact and interactions that contributed to the establishment of trade relations.
-
Funan's ships controlled trade between China and India, and dominated territory across the Indochinese peninsula. The cities of Funan also transferred trade goods from the Indian Ocean and South China Sea ports into inland trade routes.
-
Commons diseases in Rome and China were smallpox, measles, and bubonic plague. The Roman Empire and China's population dropped because of those things. It also caused the Han and Roman Empires to weaken.
-
Pearls were a popular jewelry style in the Roman Empire around 100-200 BCE. They are n ideal trade good because they took up very little room on ships or caravans. Pearls were commonly used for jewelry and decoration, or to ground up into powder for medicine.
-
A spice derived from peppercorns. was largely traded during the spice trade.
-
Zhang was sent by emperor Wudi to make contact with the Yuezhi to form an alliance. His second mission to Southeast Asia he introduced Chinese culture and technology to the lands he visited and brought back foreign music, dance forms, and foods.
-
Cloves were traded regularly along routes stretching from Europe to China. Early written records from the Han dynasty in China described how court officials kept cloves in their mouths to sweeten their breath while talking to the king. The spice was also imported by the Romans, eventually spreading to southern Europe. Cloves were a very important part of the spice trade, connecting the islands of Southeast Asia to the Asian mainland and other distant regions.
-
Phoenician Sailors used Polaris, also known at the North Star, to navigate the oceans. There is no exact date for the emergence of this technology.