Topics 10-11 Test

Topics 10-11 Test

Period: 750 to 1400

Charlemagne and Carloman Pt 2

768

Charlemagne also had all of his nephews murdered. Charlemagne became one of the most important kings in Medieval European history. He waged many wars in his time in the name of converting non-Christians and seizing loot. Charlemagne was able to become powerful because he took charge and took what he wanted and did what he had to do to protect his people.

Charlemagne and Carloman Pt 1

768

Charlemagne and Carloman both inherited half of the Franks kingdom after their father passed. When Carloman died a few years later Charlemagne took his land instead of letting it go to Carloman’s sons like it was supposed to.

Charlemagne and the Pope

773

Charlemagne was asked by the pope to invade the northern Italian kingdom of the Lombards. Once Charlemagne did this he and the pope grew closer leading to him being crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 800. Charlemagne spent much of his time walking around with his army and making decrees. Overall, Charlemagne’s empire was not a good reflection of Ancient Rome. Charlemagne was very powerful because he was able to get close to the pope (some even said he had power over the pope) to gain power and trust.

The Vikings

790

Scandinavians who are better known as the Norse and even better known as the Vikings had begun to rob monasteries and settlements using stealth, swiftness, and small raiding parties. As time went on the small pillaging turned into full-on invading and raiding using thousands of warriors. The Vikings were able to become a powerful group by using their skills to their advantage and growing stronger until they became a powerful force.

Otto I

962

Otto I was crowned emperor by the pope even though he was not a direct descendant of the Carolingians line. From the time that Otto was crowned until about 1100 CE, Post-Carolingian Europe was a time of disorder and violence. This time was full of invasions from the Saracens, the Magyars, and the Vikings. Otto did not have much power over his people as he was not part of the Carolingian line.

The Turks Pt 1

998

The Turks were great nomadic warriors, but they weren’t very good at running a government. They established a series of Turkic dynasties under the Ghaznavids in Persia beginning in 998 but it didn’t last long. Their kingdoms were usually subject to many invasions as well as assassinations which would eventually lead to a collapse after about a century.

The Turks Pt 2

998

The Seljuk dynasty was able to overthrow the Ghaznavids in 1040 and was able to create the first stable Turkic state. They were able to do so due to the already existing Persian traditions there.

Pope Urban II

1095

Pope Urban II responded to the crusades brought forth by the Europeans by giving a sermon in France summoning the knights of Europe to holy war to protect Christians in and near the Holy Land. Pope Urban II had the power to call for war as a way of protecting the Holy Land. He was able to do so because of his title and because he told his people of all of the terrible things the Turks had done

Teutonic Knights

1171

During the third crusade, the Teutonic Knights formed. They were a knightly order whose code of conduct closely molded that of the Templars. They began their crusades in the Holy Land but their focuses later shifted over to the page people. They may not have been the most focused group, but they were strong and fearless and because of that they were powerful and able to outlast many other crusading groups of that time

Salah-ad-Din

1187

The crusaders had been able to take over Jerusalem in 1099 but in 1187 an Egyptian Muslim general named Salah-ad-Din was able to take it back after defeating the crusaders causing the third crusade. This crusade ended with the English king making a peace deal with Salah-ad-Din. Salah-ad-Din was able to get power by defeating the crusaders once and then excepting a peace treaty from them when one of their leaders had died and the other had retreated.

Jerusalem Pt 2

1199

I don’t even know what to say about power here. I mean they got land, but it wasn’t the land that they set out to get and it was already Christian land.

Jerusalem Pt 1

1199

The crusaders tried once again to take back Jerusalem but failed, or rather changed their minds when they learned about an issue with the succession in Constantinople and decided to intervene. Instead of attacking Muslim kingdoms like they originally planned, they took over a Christian kingdom. This kingdom also happened to be the last political remnant of the Roman Empire.

Literacy

1301

Around the 14th-century literacy was at its peak with even some peasants knowing basic reading. This was due to the growth of educational institutions run by the Church focusing on training future priests.