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Neurological & Brain Development
The growth of neural networks and the brain occur within the physical domain. Babies are born with hundreds of billions of neurons, that communicate with other neurons, in order to form specific connections that shape the brain's make-up. Toddlerhood marks the end of the first, foundational stage where the first billions of neural connections and networks are formed. Also by age two, the brain will reach more than 3/4 its adult weight and size.
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Mental Representation
Mental representation occurs under the cognitive domain. Our textbook defines mental representation as "an internal image of a past event or object". It is by Toddlerhood that this capability is gained, according to Piaget. Under his final substage of the Sensorimotor Period, Piaget says toddlers have the ability to imagine something in their mind, even when they cannot see it. This can lead to discovery and thinking about the causation of different events.
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Speaking in Sentences
Learning how to communicate with sentences happens under the cognitive domain. Toddlerhood marks the point where babies string two or more words together, to make a sentence. Typically, when toddler's first use sentences, they consist of observations, rather than demands or requests. Toddler's first sentences are often characterized by telegraphic speech, which is when words that are not critical are left out.
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Self-Awareness
Self-awareness is the knowledge of oneself. This happens under the socio-emotional domain. At around 12 months, babies begin to realize their 'place' within the world and become aware of their relationships with other people. At 17-24 months, babies show signs that they are aware of their own capabilities. Toddlers become aware that their own, as well as others' actions have meaning & that people work to obtain goals.
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