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Formation of the United Nations
The nations were in charge of keeping peace through security arrangments. This was supported by Eleanor Roosevelt. The General assembly in the first part of the United Nations. They were in charge of international courts, power of the veto, budget, and a balance share in cost of money between the nations. The second part of the United Nations is he Security Council. They are 10 top members. The Potsdam Conference led to the creation of the United Nations. -
Potsdam Conference
The conference was to set a postwar agreement between the Soviet Union, United States, and Great Britain. These are 5 terms they agreed to: Germany remains a single country but be divided for some time, to demilitarize, remove Nazi Party, build a democratic governmenr, and Nurnberg trials of anyone responisble of war crimes. United Nations and Allied Control Council created. -
Iron Curtain Descends on Europe
The Iron Curtain separated communist nations from noncommunist nations. This was to prevent cummunist expansion from other nations which is also referred to as the containment. The Iron Curtain seemed to fade away when Joseph Stalin died in 1953. Winston Churchill made a speech to warn others about the Iron Curtain. He stated, “From Stettin in the Baltic to Trieste in the Adriatic, an iron curtain has descended across the Continent". -
Truman Doctrine
The United States considered communism as a threat to democracy. It gave Greece and Turkey asistance on preventing the spread of communism from the Soviet Union to them. President Truman stated, “support free people who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures". The Marshall Plan was an extension tothe Truman Doctrine. -
Marshall Plan
The United States economically asisted the European countries. George C. Marshall proposed that the United States asist the European countries in rebuildig themselves. Western Europe liked this idea, so Truman made it happen. It was also called the Economic Cooperation Act of 1948. It restored European countries not only economically but politically and industrial productivity. General Marshall recieved a Nobel Peace Prize. -
Creation of Israel
Israel wanted to be recognized as a new nation. Many leaders were beginning to recognize that. There was a huge conflict due to Jewish immigration with the Arabs. The Jews wanted a Palestine state and so did the Arabs. Even with the growing conflict between the two of them they both recieved a Palestine Province. The British Mandate of Province ended and the State of Israel was recognized. -
Berlin Airlift
This was a mission to help support the West Berlin during the blockade. It was called the "Operation Vittles” and “Plain Fare”. The wester powers sent food, supples, and many other things to support West Berlin. The Soviets did nothing to prevent any of this from happening for fear of another war. This ruined Russia's chance at starving West Berlin -
Formation of NATO
The Soviets were rising in power, capturing countries and forcing them into the military and countries began to fear the Soviet Union's control. North Atlantic Treaty Organization, NATO, was then formed which was an alliance of North America and Europe and with time many other coutries began to join in. It was some sort of defending alliance against the Soviets and a way to get the countries to come together. NATO brings the contries a step closer to world peace. -
Korean War
The United States and USSR supported South Korea against North Korea's and communist China invasion. It was believed that the USSR was using this as an opportunity for communism expansion. The United states came face to face with communist forces in Korea and hoping that Western nations would step up. This was the beginnning of the Cold War. -
Stalin Dies
Stalin was the leader of the USSR. The person who was supposed to be Lenin but had passed away before Stalin. Stalin suffered from a cerebral hemorrhage. He died at 73 years of age. After his death the USSR had power stuggles for they didn't know who was supposed to succeed him. Stalin was buried next Lenin and his tyranny was denounced. -
Operation Ajax
The CIA assist a royalist coup against the Iranian Prime Minister Mohammed Mosaddeq.Iranian citizens nationalized their oil indstrys and companies. This caused the Soviets to fear that Iran would join the Soviet camp. -
Warsaw Pact was formed
This was the treaty that stated, “treaty of mutual friendship, co-operation and mutual assistance”. This was between Bulgaria, Hungary, Germany, Poland, Romania, Soviet Union, and Czechoslovakia.This became a terrifying realization that this might be the sign of communist dominance. The Warsaw Pact was later disbanded. -
Suez Crisis
Nasser was the leader of Egypt and he nationalized the Suez Canal without Britain and France's knowledge. The criss begain October 29 when Britain, France, and with Israel's created a secret agreement. They sent military troops to guard th canal. Israel sent military troops to distract the Egyptian military from the canal. The canal was still captured and britain and France were forced to withdraw their troops by the United States. They also wanted to remove Nasser from power in Egypt. -
Sputnik I & Sputnik II
The Soviets launched the Sputnik I on October 4, 1957. It was part of the space race. This was the first satellite. The Sputnik II was launched on Novemeber 3, 1957. This was the second spacecraft to be launched. The Sputnik II was the first to launch a living animal into space, a dog named Laika.This provided evidence on how a living orgnism would react in space. -
NASA is Formed
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration or NASA was formed. This was a sort of space race or contest between the United States and Soviet Union. Space exploration was a big contest that each nation wanted to achieve before the other. The United States formed NASA as an "entrance" into this race. -
Khrushchev visits U.S
Khrushchev visited the U.S. for 13 days. He was not aloud to enter Disneyland. He got to visit SeaWorld. At that time it was called Marineland of the Pacific. -
Bay of Pigs Invasion
This was an attempt made by the United States to invade Cuba and overthrow the premier. About 1,300 CIA backed up exiles landed on Bahia de Cochinos which is the Bay of Pigs in Cuba. Castro, the premier, quickly defeated the United States. Castro had taken all the businesses in Cuba that had orginally belonged by the United States and the U.S. refused to buy Cuban cigars. This is what led to this invasion. -
Berlin Wall Constructed
The wall was built to seal off access between East and West Germany. It originally was just barbed wire. The reason for the wall is that skilled laborers, professionals, intellectuals, and refugees were going to the West which was having a negative effect on East's economy. Nikita Khruschev was the one who recommended this blockade in Germany. It was also to prevent communism from spreading. The wall was 15 feet high with barbed wire at the top and heavily guarded. -
Cuban Missile Crisis
To prevent United States invasion over Cuba, the Soviet Union started placing missiles aiming towards the United States in Cuba. Nikita Khrushchev was the leader of the Soviet Union and John F. Kennedy was the leader of the United States during this time. President Kennedy was shown pictures of the secret missile bases in Cuba and was believed to be an attack.Nikita agreed to disarm all these missiles if the United States assured them that there will be no invasion of Cuba. -
Kennedy is Assassinated
John F. Kennedy is assassinated in Dallas, Texas. The guy who assassinated him was Lee Harvey Oswald. This was a huge capital crime. After the assassination Americans lost their rights to vote and no open polls. The government completely changed after this horrific event. Lyndon Johnson took over after the presidents death. Many believed if he had not died he would of ended the Cold War alot sooner than it originally had and would of achieved many things to make up for the failures we endured. -
Vietnam War
The United States supported the southern Republic of Vietnam while the Communist Democratic Republic of Vietnam supported the Viet Cong. It was not only in Vietnam but also in Indochina. The first war in Indochina was the Vietnamese against the French who was supported by the United States. The second war was the United States against the Communist Vietnamese. The Communist Vietnamese won this war and was a shock to everyone. It created a setback to the containment of communism in Asia. -
USS Pueblo Incident
USS Pueblo was attacked and captured by Korean naval and air forces. U.S. believed it as an act of war. Korea stated that the U.S. must accept the "Three A's" which are: admit, apologize, and assure. They held the US members prisoners for 11 straight months. U.S. military did not know the ships location until January 28, 1968. Only eighty-two prisoners survived. -
*Nixon Visits China
He went to China on an official business trip. First president to visit since the creation of the People's Republic of China. This visit created an open trade with China and that is why almost everything you own is made by China. It was ment to imporve the relationship the United States had with China. -
*SALT I Agreement
It is called the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks. Between the USSR and the United States. This also led to the Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty. -
*Paris Peace Accords
This ended the United States involvement in the Vietnam War. Funds were cut for the bombing of Indochina. It was between Democratic Republic of Vietnam, Provisional Revolutionary Government of the Republic of South Vietnam, the Republic of Vietnam, and the United States. -
World Cup
The Soviet Union declined the World Cup soccer competition against Chile. Since the Chilean government overthrew their president they refused to play in Chile. They announced if it were held in Santiago they would not compete. -
SALT II Agreement
U.S. President Jimmy Carter and Leonid Brezhnev, Soviet Leader, signed this agreement. This agreement outlined the limitations of nuclear weapons. This was to keep the citizens of all the countries safe from another atomic bomb. It gave rules and regulations on how the nuclear weapons could be made, tested, but not used unless something would occur. -
Iran Hostage Crisis
Iranian students captured the U.S. Embassy in Tehran, Iran. More than 60 Americans were held hostages. Presisdent Carter believed it had to do with the Shah's need for medical treatment. It was actually about Iranian citizens wanting the American interference to end. They wanted Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini to become their leader. The hostages were released January 21, 1981, 444 days later. -
*USSR Invades Afghanistan
The USSR invaded because they wanted to get rid of Hafizullah Amin. It was between Soviet-led Afghan forces and Mujahideen. There were two alliances: the Peshawar Seven and the Tehran Eight. -
U.S. & Soviet boycotts of the Olympics
Largest boycott of the Olympics. The Soviet Union invaded Afganistan causing the United States to want to start a boycott. France, Italy, and Sweden did not join in. British government boycotted the games but their players still went and competed against the government approval. About 61 other countries joined in this boycott. -
Gdansk Agreement
In Gdansk, Poland strikes seemed to get larger and larger in front of the Lenin Shipyard. This lead to the Gdansk Agreement. The agreement gave the people more rights. The recieved great and bigger civil rights. One of the rights was that the trade unions to be more independent without the communist powers control. -
*Chernobyl Disaster
The chernobyl distaster was a catastrophic nuclear accident. In the Soviet Union a nuclear power plant in Ukraine exploded. It was the worst nuclear accident. -
START I Treaty
The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty i. It was signed in Washington D.C. It was signed by President Ronald Reagan with the U.S. and Mikhail Gorbachev with the Soviet Union. It was seemed to be the official end of the Cold War. -
Tiananmen Square Massacre
In Beijing chinese citizens were in Tiananmen Square protesting against communism and fighting for stronger democracy. Many were killed or injured. The communism chinese were brutal to these protesters. The democray chinese even killed some communism chinese to fight back. 10,000 protesters were arrested and thousands were killed. Many nations were shocked at this brutality. -
Dissolving of the Soviet Union
The Soviet Union "dissolved" into 15 separates countries. The for it is the West'smdesire for freedom, democracy overruns totalitarianism, and capitalism overruns socialism. The fall of the Soviet Union made the United States happy that this marked the end of the Cold War. This sudden collapse changed the world politically, economically,and militarily in alliances.
