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Gandhi
Leader of the Indian independence movement and advocate of nonviolent resistance. After being educated as a lawyer in England, He returned to India and became leader of the Indian National Congress in 1920. He appealed to the poor, led nonviolent demonstrations against British colonial rule, and was jailed many times. Soon after independence he was
assassinated for attempting to stop Hindu-Muslim rioting. -
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WW1
World war One began in the summer of 1914 and lasted until November 1918. It involved all of the world's great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances: the Allies (centred around the Triple Entente) and the Central Powers. -
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Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution is the collective term for a series of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which destroyed the Tsarist autocracy and led to the creation of the Soviet Union. The February Revolution (March 1917) was a revolution focused around Petrograd. In the October Revolution (November in the Gregorian calendar), the Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin, and the workers' Soviets, overthrew the Provisional Government in St Petersburg. -
Wilson's 14-Point Plan
Wilson's 14-Point Plan was a speech delivered by United States President Woodrow Wilson to a joint session of Congress on January 8, 1918. The address was intended to assure the country that the Great War was being fought for a moral cause and for postwar peace in Europe. -
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League of Nations
International organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation but greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. It proved ineffectual in stopping aggression by Italy, Japan, and Germany in the 1930s, and it was superseded by the United Nations in 1945. -
Treaty of Versailles
The treaty imposed on Germany by France, Great Britain, the United States, and other Allied Powers after World War I. It demanded that Germany dismantle its military and give up some lands to Poland. It was resented by many Germans. -
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Stalin's Five Year Plan
Plans that Joseph Stalin introduced to industrialize
the Soviet Union rapidly, beginning in 1928. They set
goals for the output of steel, electricity, machinery, and most
other products and were enforced by the police powers of
the state. They succeeded in making the Soviet Union a
major industrial power before World War II. The first one lasted frm 1928 to 1933 and the second from 1933 to 1937. -
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The Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s. It was the longest, most widespread, and deepest depression of the 20th century. -
Hitler comes to power
Adolf Hitler was appointed chancellor on 30 January 1933, and transformed the Weimar Republic into the Third Reich, a single-party dictatorship based on the totalitarian and autocratic ideology of Nazism. -
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WW2
WW2 was a global military conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, which involved most of the world's nations, including all of the great powers: eventually forming two opposing military alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, with more than 100 million military personnel mobilised. In a state of "total war," the major participants placed their entire economic, industrial, and scientific capabilities at the service of the war effort, erasing the distinction betw -
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Mao Zedong and Maoism
Mao Zedong was the first chairman of the Communist Party from 1943 to 1976. Mao Zedong had his own political ideas including Maoism. Maoism, also known as the Mao Zedong Thought, is an anti-Revisionist form of Marxist communist theory, derived from the teachings of the Chinese political leader Mao Zedong (1893–1976). Developed during the 1950s and 1960s, it is widely applied as the political and military guiding ideology in the Communist Party of China. -
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Juan Peron
President of Argentina (1946–1955,1973–1974). As a military officer, he championed the rights of labor. Aided by his wife Eva Duarte Perón, he was elected president in 1946. He built up Argentinean industry, became very popular among the urban poor, but harmed the economy. -
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Chinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil War was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang, the governing party of the Republic of China and the Communist Party of China (CPC),[6] for the control of China which eventually led to China's division into two Chinas, Republic of China (now commonly known as Taiwan) and People's Republic of China. The war technically started in 1927 but the full scale war wasn't unitl 1946 to 1950. To this day no treaty had been signed so this war is not legally over, -
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Cold War
A series of wars that involved the ideological struggle between communism (Soviet Union) and capitalism (United States)
for world influence. The Soviet Union and the United States
came to the brink of actual war during the Cuban missile
crisis but never attacked one another. The Cold War came to
an end when the Soviet Union dissolved in 1991. -
Creation of Pakistan
The Pakistan Movement or Tehrik-e-Pakistan refers to the historical movement to have a sovereign and independent Muslim state named Pakistan created from the separation of the north-western region of the Indian subcontinent, partitioned within or outside the British Indian Empire. They were offically successful on August 14, 1947. -
Indian Independence
In 1946, the Labour government in Britain, its exchequer exhausted by the recently concluded World War II, and conscious that it had neither the mandate at home, the international support, nor the reliability of native forces for continuing to control an increasingly restless India decided to end British rule of India, and in early 1947 Britain announced its intention of transferring power. On August 15, 1947, India was officially independent. -
NATO
Organization formed in 1949 as a military alliance of western European and North American states against the Soviet Union and its east European allies. -
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Korean War
Conflict that began with North Korea’s invasion of South Korea and came to involve the United Nations (primarily the United States) allying with South Korea and the People’s Republic of China allying with North Korea. -
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Warsaw Pact
The 1955 treaty binding the Soviet Union and countries of eastern Europe in an alliance against the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. -
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Vietnam War
Conflict pitting North Vietnam and South Vietnamese communist guerrillas against the South Vietnamese government, aided after 1961 by the United States. -
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Great Leap Forward
The Great Leap Forward was an economic and social campaign of the Communist Party of China, reflected in planning decisions from 1958 to 1961, which aimed to use China's vast population to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a modern communist society through the process of agriculturalization, industrialization, and collectivization led by Mao Zedong -
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Bay of Pigs Invasion
The Bay of Pigs Invasion was an unsuccessful action by a CIA-trained force of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba, with support and encouragement from the US government, in an attempt to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro. -
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Berlin Wall
The Berlin Wall was a barrier constructed by the German Democratic Republic starting on 13 August 1961, that completely cut off West Berlin from surrounding East Germany and from East Berlin. After allowing for loopholes throughout the summer, Hungary effectively disabled its physical border defenses with Austria on 19 August 1989 and, in September, more than 13,000 East German tourists escaped through Hungary to Austria. -
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Cuban Missile Crisis
Brink-of-war confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union over the latter’s placement of nuclear-armed missiles in Cuba that lasted from october 1962 to november 1962. -
helsinki Accords
Political and human rights agreement signed in Helsinki, Finland, by the Soviet Union and western European countries. -
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Islamic Revolution (Iran)
The Iranian Revolution (also known as the Islamic Revolution or 1979 Revolution) refers to events involving the overthrow of Iran's monarchy under Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and its replacement with an Islamic republic under Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, the leader of the revolution -
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Iran-Iraq War
The Iran-Iraq War was an armed conflict between the armed forces of Iraq and Iran, lasting from September 1980 to August 1988, making it the longest conventional war of the twentieth century. It was initially referred to in English as the "Persian Gulf War" prior to the "Gulf War" of 1990. -
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Tiananmen Square
Site in Beijing where Chinese students and workers gathered to demand greater political openness in 1989. The demonstration was crushed by Chinese military with great loss of life. -
Reunification of Germany
German Reunification was the process in 1990 in which the German Democratic Republic joined the Federal Republic of Germany, and when Berlin reunited into a single city, as provided by its then Grundgesetz constitution Article 23. The end of the unification process is officially referred to as German unity, celebrated on 3 October -
USSR Disintegrates
Mikhail Gorbachev became the leader of the USSR in 1985 and he introduced many reforms in an attempt to modernize the economy and make the Communist Party more democratic. All that this led to was the breakup of the USSR and the end of the one-party Communist rule, as well as the collapse of the well-known Iron Curtain and the end of the Communist rule. -
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Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999, and was the first South African president to be elected in a fully representative democratic election. Before his presidency, Mandela was an anti-apartheid activist, and the leader of Umkhonto we Sizwe, the armed wing of the African National Congress -
September 11, 2001
The September 11 attacks were a series of coordinated suicide attacks by al-Qaeda upon the United States on September 11, 2001. On that morning, 19 al-Qaeda terrorists hijacked four commercial passenger jet airliners.[2][3] The hijackers intentionally crashed two of the airliners into the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center in New York City, killing everyone on board and many others working in the buildings. Both towers collapsed within two hours, destroying nearby buildings and damaging other