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Missouri Compromise
Who: Congress
What: attempt to preserve the balance between free & slave states
Why: Admitted Missouri as a slave state & Maine as a free state
Where: U.S -
Manifest Destiny
Who: U.S
What: U.S wanted to expand territory to the west
Why: wanted to be powerful, destiny
Where: U.S -
Annexation of Texas
Who: United States
What: U.S wanted to add Texas as the 28th state to gain more territory after it just declared independence from Mexico
Why: U.S wanted to expand territory
Where: U.S -
US Mexican War
Who: Mexico, America; James K. Polk
What: On April 25, 1846, Mexican cavalry attacked a group of US soldiers in the disputed zone under the command of General Zachary Taylor, killing about a dozen. They then laid siege to an American fort along the Rio Grande.
Where: Rio Grande, US Mexican border, California, Mexico City
Why: Several factors led to outbreak of war- Annexation of Texas, Mexicans fear that US wanted to take over the whole Southwest, US view that Mexicans are cruel and incompetent -
Mexican-American War
Who: Mexico and America
What: Mexico and U.S go to war
Why: Mexico was angry for U.S annexing Texas and turning it into a slave state.
Where: Mexico and Texas
When: April 25, 1845-February 2, 1848 -
Oregon disputes between U.S and Britain (Oregon Treaty)
Who: U.S and Britain
What: Agreed to make border at the 49th parallel, signed the Oregon Treaty, Britain gained territory north of the line while U.S gained territory south of the line
Why: U.S and Britain sought to expand territory
Where: Oregon and Canada -
Wilmot Proviso
Who: David Wilmot
What: limit growing power of the south, eliminate slavery in territories gained from Mexico
Why: didn't want slavery to spread
Where: U.S -
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Who: Mexico, America
What: ended US-Mexican war; provided benefits for US(2.6 million sq. km of land, major continental power)
Where: the Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo (now a neighborhood of Mexico City) between the United States and Mexico
Why: to end war -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Who: U.S & Mexico
What: Mexico surrendered and gave U.S Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming ( Mexican Cession)
Why: to ensure peace
Where: Villa de Guadalupe Hidalgo -
Compromise of 1850
Who: U.S Congress, Henry Clay, Steven Douglas
What: California free state, Fugitive Slave Act, Slave trade prohibited in Washington D.C, Split up Texas territory, Popular sovereignty
Why: settle the controversy of slavery
Where: United States -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
Who: Harriet Beecher Stowe
What: wrote a book about how bad slavery is
Why: wanted people to see the truth
Where: U.S -
Forming the Republican Party
Who: Conscience Whigs and Free-soilers
What: Opposed Kansas-Nebraska Act
Why: against slavery
Where: Wisconsin -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Who: Congress
What: Kansas and Nebraska allowed to decide whether to be a slave state, repeal the Missouri Compromise of 1820 (Kansas=free Nebraska= slave)
Why: Stephen Douglas promoted popular sovereignty
Where: Kansas and Nebraska -
Bleeding Kansas
Who: Kansas, Border Ruffians
What: border ruffians crossed Missouri to Kansas and illegally control election to vote for slavery, 2 governments made in Kansas pro slave and anti slave, 200 people died
Why: wanted pro slave votes to win
Where: Kansas -
The Gadsen Purchase
Who: Mexico, USA
What: Americans purchased land from Mexico, since they had nop use for land
Where: 29,670 square mile portion of Mexico that later became part of Arizona and New Mexico
Why: age of expansion over, USA wanted to gain a suitable rail route to their new acquisitions in the Southwest -
Dred Scott
Who: Supreme court and Dred Scott
What: ruled that slaves are property after Dred Scott asked to be a citizen
Why: undermined popular sovereignty and prompted slavery in the west
Where: U.S -
Treaty of Tianjin with China
Who: US, China
What: when the british and French used force to persuade the Chinese to open their country fully to trade, the Americans did not join in, but were allowed to trade there under the terms of this treaty
Where: China, US
Why: Open Door Policy, Put under pressure by US -
Raid on Harper's Ferry
Who: John Brown
What: attacked an army munition depot and killed 8 men
Why: he was an abolitionist, wanted blacks to take charge
Where: harpers ferry, virginia -
Railways
Who: railways
What: used during the war to help transport supplies to soldiers
Why: helped in battles, transport quickly, helped grant win Battle of Chattanooga in 1863
Where: U.S -
Lincoln elected president
Who: Abraham Lincoln
What: Opposed Stephen Douglas, didn't want slavery spreading
Why: Won by electoral college and popular voting
Where: U.S -
South Carolina secedes
Who: South Carolina
What: 1st slave state to leave the union to join the CSA, against Lincoln's beliefs
Why: believe to protect their way of life
Where: South Carolina -
Confederacy established
Who: 7 seceded states, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Texas, South Carolina , Georgia , Louisiana
What: joined together and formed confederacy
Why: believed slavery was a way of life
Where: southern U.S states -
Lincoln's Inauguration
Who: Lincoln
What: Lincoln promised not to interfere with the issue of slavery where it existed
Why: he didn't want problems and a war to start
Where: U.S -
Fort Sumter conflict
Who: Union and CSA
What: Jefferson Davis ordered Fort Sumter to surrender or be taken by force, Major Anderson refused, CSA attacked, he surrendered, Lincoln introduced a naval blockade leading to Civil War
Why: Fort Sumter was in south Carolina and CSA said it belongs to them
Where: North Carolina -
Merryman case
Who: John Merryman
What: John Merryman participated in Baltimore riots, he asked for Habeas Corpus however Lincoln suspended it and he never had a trial
Why: so people don't take advantage and be set free for destruction
Where: U.S -
The Anaconda Plan
Who: Winfield Scott
What: instead of using violence to win the war he created a naval blockade around the united states
Why: efficient way without losing men
Where: U.S -
4 more join CSA
Who: Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, North carolina
What: Joined CSA
Why: avoid union capturing Fort Sumter
Where: South U.S states -
Border States
Who: Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri
What: Slave states decide to stay in union
Why: They were neutral
Where: U.S -
Homestead Act
Who: Native Americans, US
What: gave 65 hectares to any new 'white' settler, and the massive birth rate amongst settlers who moved west, put more pressure on what had been seen as Native American lands.
Where: US
Why: over power Native American population -
Emancipation Proclamation
Who: Lincoln
What: issued the emancipation proclamation to abolish slavery. Union would set free slaves that were taken by union armed forces and any south state that comes into the union before January 1st 1863 can still be a slave state. Unsuccessful because CSA was its own country and couldn't tell them what to do
Why: to abolish slavery
Where: U.S -
The Vallandigham Case
Who: Vallandigham, Lincoln, Copperheads
What: Vallandigham was the leader of the copperheads who were northern democrats that wanted peace to occur faster with the south. He gave a speech giving sympathy to the south and was arrested.Lincoln sent him to the south he however escaped to Canada and by the time he came back to the north Lincoln didn't think he was a threat anymore because the north was winning the war.
Why: example of habeas corpus refused during the war
Where: U.S -
Battle of Gettysburg
Who: South and North
What: Largest single civil war battle, south almost won but Robert E. Lee failed to give precise orders
Why: to prove who is the best
Where: Pennsylvania -
Ten percent plan
Who: the union and the south
What: 10% of electoral votes of their loyalty, support existing acts relating to slavery, allow some blacks to vote
Why: reconstruct the rebel states into the union.
Where: U.S -
Grant and Sherman
Who: Ulysses S. grant, Sherman, Lincoln
What: Lincoln appoints grant as commander and Sherman is his close friend coming up with trench warfare, a fighting tactic
Why: Lincoln wanted a strong military against south
Where: U.S -
Reconstruction Era
Who: the north
What: the north wanted to reconstruct the united states since the south is coming back to the union after losing
Why: keep everything in order because everyone knew north was going to win so they had to prepare
Where: U.S -
Wade- Davis Bill
Who: congress, the union
What: 50% loyalty, no one in the CSA could be in the government, abolish slavery
Why: Louisiana was the first slave state to meet the requirements however congress believed it should be more strict
Where: U.S -
The Milligan Case
Who: Lamdin P. Milligan
What: Milligan and 4 others were held for treason because they wanted to liberate southern prisoners from war. granted habeas corpus. Suppose to be hung but set free
Why: they were peace democrat
Where: Indiana -
Lincoln's assassination
Who: Lincoln, John Wilkes Booth
What: john wilkes booth assassinated Lincoln
Why: he was unstable and there was no security to protect Lincoln
Where: Washington D.C -
Johnson's reconstruction
Who: Andrew Johnson
What: he became president after Lincoln. he created the black codes. he wanted to help the south by diminishing the blacks
Why: he was a democrat
Where: U.S -
Black codes
Who: Andrew Johnson
What: unemployed blacks forced into work, able to prevent them from receiving an education, legal system mostly against blacks, able to prevent them from buying land
Why: minimize the impact of abolition of slavery and not anger the south
Where: U.S -
13th amendment
Who: us constitution
What: to abolish slavery
Why: Lincoln enforced this to promote the end of slavery
Where: U.S -
Civil Rights Act
Who: Congress, Andrew Johnson
What: congress made a bill to give citizenship to ex-slaves. Johnson vetoed this bill however congress vetoed his decision and turned it into a law .
Why: they wanted ex-slaves in the south to have rights
Where: U.S -
Reconstruction acts of 1867-1868
Who: Congress
What: Imposed military rule across the south, approved the 14th amendment, all south to introduce votes to all men
Why: reconstruct in a more military way
Where: U.S -
14th amendment
Who: congress
What: blacks were able to be U.S citizens
Why: congress went further by adding the 14th amendment to the constitution after creating the civil rights act
Where: U.S -
Usyless Grant becomes president
Who: Usyless s. grant
What: he was a republican and seemed there would be less conflict with the republican congress. Also, he had an authoritative strategy during the reconstruction process
Why: reconstruction era was occurring and needed a military point of view leader also he won because the blacks voted for him
Where: U.S -
15th amendment
Who: Congress
What: all men allowed to vote
Why: part of the reconstruction process
Where: U.S -
The Great Sioux War
Who: settlers of Black Hills and Native Americans;US
What: Gold discovered in Black hills, fighting stared between the settlers and Native Americans; US took Native Ameircans out by force
Where: Black Hills
Why: Conflict over gold ;lasted a year -
Compromise of 1877
Who: northern republicans and democratic party of the south
What: If the republicans have the presidency then the democrats can deny the rights of the blacks
Why: to end reconstruction and power
Where: U.S -
the Dawes Act
Who: US Congress, Native Americans
What and Why: designed to break up the Native American tribal system and assist the integration of Native Americans into 'normal' US society
Where: US -
The Sinking of the Maine
Who: US Battleship
What: Maine sent to Cuba to protect US Citizens caught up fighting there; however exploded and over 260 sailors killed
Where: Cuban harbor
Why: Press insisted Spain was to blame -
Spanish-American War
Who: Spain, America
What: War itself didn't last long; The US Navy destroyed the Spanish at Manila Bay; A small number of troops were land at Santiago in Cuba; a conflict between the United States and Spain that ended Spanish colonial rule in the Americas and resulted in U.S. acquisition of territories in the western Pacific and Latin America
Where: MAnila Bay, San Juan Hill, largely fought at sea
Why:The war originated in the Cuban struggle for independence from Spain: American sympathy -
The Treaty of Paris
Who: Spain, USA
What:Spain renounced all claim to Cuba, ceded Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States, and transferred sovereignty over the Philippines to the United States for $20,000,000
Where: Paris
Why: End of war -
Boxer Rebellion
Who: China, foreigners, USA
What: a Chinese secret organization called the Society of the Righteous and Harmonious Fists led an uprising in northern China against the spread of Western and Japanese influence there. USA felt the need to sent troops to assist other countries
Where: China, Peking
Why: to fight against foreigners and westernization. -
The Phlippine Organic Act
The Philippine Organic Act provided for the creation of an elected Philippine Assembly after the following conditions were met:
the cessation of the existing insurrection in the Philippine Islands;
completion and publication of a census; and
two years of continued peace and recognition of the authority of the United States of America after the publication of the census. -
President Roosevelt issues Monroe Corollary
Who: US President Roosevelt
What: announcement of corollary( a statement that follows another statement) to the Monroe Doctrine: The Monroe Doctrine had intended to preserve the sovereignty of the independent states in America, with a messages for Europe to stay out of the region. Roosevelt now sanctioned US armed intervention when it was felt necessary to prevent financial and/or political collapse
Where: US
Why: Roosevelt would use this corollary to justify armed intervention in the region -
First World War Breaks out in Europe
Who: Britain, France, Russia (Allied); Germany Japan Italy (Axis Powers)
What: Great war between world powers
Where: Europe
Why: Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand -
USA enters First World War
Who: US, Germany, Mexico, Zimmerman
What: USA enters WW1 when triggered by an event
Where: Germany,US
Why: entered the war due to the Zimmerman telegram intercepted by the British. This telegram ordered the ambassador to confer with the Mexicans about the possibility of Mexico invading the United States from the South if it entered the war on the side of Britain and France; angered Wilson -
President Wilson issues Fourteen Points
Who: Woodrow Wilson
What: statement of principles for peace: (no secret treaties, freedom of seas, reduced arms, Germans should leave Russians, Poland to be granted independence and access to the sea, self-determination, general association of all countries, Germany should leave France, and Alsace and Lorrain should be returned to France)
Where: US
Why: to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I and prevent future wars -
The Kellogg-Briand Pact
Who:France, the United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Belgium, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Germany, Italy and Japan
What: an agreement to outlaw war; failed in practice
Where: Paris, France
Why: To agree not to use war to resolve disputes or conflicts between nations between nations
