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Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) founded
Civil Rights-the rights of the citizens
-African-American civi rights organization in the USA played a important role in the african american rights movements.
-Bernice Fisher, James R. Robinson, James L. Farmer, Jr., Joe Guinn, George Houser, and Homer Jack were leaders of the organization. -
Birmingham Campaign: Letter from a Birmingham Jail
SCLC-Southern Christian Leadership Conference
-Another African American organization
-closely associated with MLK -
Executive Order 9981
Segregation- setting someone apart from everyone else
-It abolished racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces and eventually led to the end of segregation in the services.
-Ended some discrimination -
Jackie Robinson Hired to the Brooklyn Dodgers
Color Line- A group of people usually nonwhites were denied to the same rights as the whites.
-Got named the Dodgers for there ability to dodge people
-Jackie was black and didn't get a lot of the same rights as whites but was given a new opportunity. -
Brown v. Board of Education Ruling
Thurgood Marshall-Former Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (Lawyer)
-Parents tried to enroll there kids into while schools and would get declined.
-Thurgood Marshall convinced the court that segregation harms african american children. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott (start)
Boycott- The African Americans didn't ride the bus, they either walked or carpooled.
Rosa Parks- Was a women who had a rough day and wouldn't get up for a white gentlemen to sit down
-The African Americans didn't ride the bus, they either walked or carpooled.
-Even some whites joined them in this boycott -
Integration of Central High School
Little Rock Nine-Group of nine African Americans enrolled into a all white school at Little Rock Central.
-Weren't able to go to school the first day of school because the mobs were so bad
-They were threatened,beaten,cursed at, and they still attend school to get an education -
First Lunch Counter Sit-in
John Crow Laws- enforcing segregation laws & Sit-In- people occupy a space and form a protest
-Blacks did peaceful sit ins and when they would get beaten they would take the hits and not fight back.
-Letting people go to hotels,restaurants -
Freedom Rides
Civil Disobedience- to refuse to comply to certain laws
SNCC- Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
-Court said that segregation in interstate transport was illegal
-When the bus reached Anniston, Alabama a white mob attacked -
March on Washington
NAACP-National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
-Civil rights organization
-to fight prejudice, lynching, and Jim Crow segregation -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Plessy v. Ferguson- U.S. Supreme Court case from 1896
-to pass laws allowing racial segregation to allow them into school,restaurants,bathrooms, etc.
-Used the "separate but equal" quote -
Watts Riot
Kerner Commission -Governor Otto Kerner, Jr. of Illinois
Ghettos-slum area
-In a neighborhood in los angles
-an African-American motorist was arrested for suspicion of drunk driving -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
disenfranchise-deprive (someone) of the right to vote.
-signed by President Lyndon Johnson
-practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting. -
Black Panther Party Founded
Black Power-Group of activists that were not focused on nonviolent protest
SNCC-Organization of civil right movements.
-Blacks and the nation of Islam were influenced by the leaders Malcom X, Huey Newton, and Bobby Seale
-wanted to make a change -
Civil Rights Act of 1968
discrimination-the unjust or prejudicial treatment of different categories of people or things, especially on the grounds of race, age, or sex.
-Fair housing act
-Title VIII of this Act is also known as the fair housing act -
Advocates for Black Nationalism
Nation of Islam-organization composed chiefly of African Americans
Malcom X-A african american leader
-National identity for black people
-Believed that blacks should live apart from whites -
Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg Board of Education
Desegregation- ending separation of people by race.
-The school district and the black students who are being bussed to the school.
-Bussing is a way for schools to desegregate. -
Regents of the University of California v. Bakke
Affirmative action-an action/ policy favoring those who suffer
- 4 justices were against the use of race in universities
- Racial quotas were unconstitutional
