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The Big Bang
10^-35 seconds (time after the big bang)
a catalysm with infinite energy explodes, generating space and time as well as matter and energy -
The Universe Takes Shape
10^-6
the universe continues to expand and becomes less dense. The forces form: Gravity, Strong and Weak Nuclear Force, and Electromagnetism, The universe is made up of particles of energy. -
Formation of Basic Elements
3 seconds
Protons and Neutrons come together to form simple elements. They are not stable, as there is no electrons in their orbits -
The Radiation Era
10,000 years Most energy in the universe is in the form of radiation. As the universe expnds, these waves or radiation are stretched and diluted. -
Beginning of Era of Matter Domination
300000 years
Energy in matter and energy in radiation are equal. Neutral atoms start to form as elecrons link up with the elements. -
Birth of Stars and Galaxies
300 million years
Pockets of gas are pulled together by gravity. these pockets ignite as stars, and groups of stars become galaxies. -
Birth of the Sun
5 billion (years before present)
the sun forms within a cloud of gas. Gas and debris that surrounds it gives birth to planets and other fomations in our solar system. -
Earliest Life
3.8 years BP
Earth cools and atmosphere develops, microscopic cells evolve in Earth's volcanic environments -
Primitive Animals Appear
700 Million years BP
flatworms, jelly fish, and algae, 570 million years BP- creatures with hard shells stsrt to appear. -
First Mammals
200 Million years BP
evolved from a class of reptiles -
Dinosuars Extinct
An astersoid slams into the Yucatan Peninsula, end to the age of dinosuars -
Homo Sapiens Evolve
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Supernova 1987A Explodes
170000 years BP
common elements are distributed as well as heavier ones. Cosmic Rays are distributed in their reminants. -
Crab Supernova Appears
1054 AD
the world witnessed a nebula -
Galileo builds first telescope
1609 AD -
Newton Describes Gravity
1665 AD
Newton realizes gravitational force accounts for falling objects and the orbit of planets -
Theory of Reativity Published
1905 AD
recognizes speed of light as speed limit, establishes spacetime -
Edwin Hubble Discovers Universe is Expanding
1929 AD -
Discovery of Quasars
1960 AD
Allan Sandage and Thomas Matthews find sources of intense radio energy. -
Discovery of Microwave Background Radiation
1964 AD -
Discovery of Pulsars
1967 AD
Jocelyn Bell and Anthony Hewish discover pulsating sources of radio energy -
Light from Supernova 1987A Reaches Earth
1987 AD
describes the death of large stars -
Hubble Telescope Launched
1990 AD
a flaw in its mirror is later discovered -
Big Bang Confirmed
1990 AD
Cosmic Background Explorer Satillite takes a detailed spectrum of background mircowave radiation, it proves the big bang theory -
Hubble Repaired
1993 AD -
Stellar Era ends
100 trillion years (in the future)
most of energy is from stars burning hydrogen and the cores of elements -
Degenerate Era Ends
10^37 years
most mass is in degenerate stars, energy is generated through proton decay and particle annihilation -
Black Hole Era
10^38 to 10^100 years
only things remaining are black holes -
The Dark Era Begins
10^100 years
only waste products remain of the universe