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First telescope
Galileo made one of the first telescopes. -
First picture of the moon
First clear picture of the moon by john William Daper -
Liquid fueled rockets
Robert H. Goddard Goddard files for and is subsequently awarded U.S. patents on multistage and liquid-fueled rockets -
V-2 rockets
Work begins on the Aggregate series of rockets which leads to the V-2 rocket. Wernher von Braun -
Kármán line
First vehicle to cross the Kármán line (100 km/~62 mi above the Earth's surface) and thereby enter outer space[1] V-2 rocket, military program -
return alive
first plants and animals to return alive from earths orbit. sputnik 5 -
first humans
First human-piloted space flight–(Alan Shepard)
First human-crewed suborbital flight
First human space mission that landed with pilot still in spacecraft, thus technically completing the first complete human spaceflight[2] -
flyby
first flyby of venus no data returned -
mars
First close-up photographs of another planet mars -
Venus
First impact into another planet (Venus) -
Spacecraft
First Reusable manned spacecraft (orbit) by STS-1 -
microwave
First orbital cosmic microwave observatory by COBE -
Solar System
First photograph of the whole Solar System by Voyager 1 -
Sun
First polar orbit around the Sun by Ulysses -
Comet
First sample return from comet by Stardust