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100
Alexander Defeats the Persians
Alexander Defeats The Persians, 311BC
October 1, 334 B.C.
Alexander began fighting the Persaian in 334 BC. At the battle of Gaugamela with a decisive victory, he defeated the Persains. The Persains had an army of 200,000 men facing his small army of 35,000. Alexander manages to defeat the Persains through strategy. -
101
The First Punic War
264 B.C.
The Punic Wars were fought between Carthage and Rome. In order for Rome to expand, they had to defeat Carthage and gain influence in the Mediterranean. Eventually, Rome conquered Carthage in Sicily and made an uneasy peace treaty. There were two more Punic Wars after the first one. -
102
Tiberius Elected to the Tribune
133 B.C.
Tiberius Gracchus was a Roman politician who attempted to reform the Roman government. He won election to the Roman tribune in 133 B.C. While in the tribune and with the help of the Senate, he set up a Land Commission group. The members of this group redistributed land. -
103
Tiberius was Killed
132 B.C.
The changes Tiberius made to Rome angered wealthy landowners. They tried to bribe the Senate to overthrow him. At first, they refused. After Tiberius announced that he was campaigning for reelection, riots broke out. Members of the Senate ended up clubbing Tiberius to death -
104
Gaius is Elected
123 B.C.
Gaius Gracchus was a member of the Land Commission and Tiberius’ brother. He ran for election, and got elected due to his group of allies. Unlike his brother, he didn’t make any significant changes in his first year. This helped him remain popular with the senate. Later on though the Senate killed 3,000 of his followers, and Gaius commited suicide. -
105
Pompey is Elected
70 B.C
Pompey was elected to the tribune in 70 B.C. During this time frame, he threw out previous generals' constitutions and he eliminated piracy in the Mediterranean. Pompey was well liked by the Roman Senate and was allowed to command all of Roman territory in Asia. -
106
The First Triumvirate
66 B.C.
The First Triumvirate was a secret alliance between Pompey, Caesar, and Crassus. Each of the members needed the help of each other. For example, Caesar helped Pompey settle his issues with the Senate, and Pompey set up a tax system in Asia to pay off Caesar’s loans. -
107
The First Triumvirate separates
56 B.C
The First Triumvirate split up in 56 B.C. Crassus received a consulating position in Asia, Caesar became commander of the armed forces in Gaul for five-years, while Pompey remained in Rome. During this time period Crassus was killed. -
110
The Destruction of Pompeii
The Destruction of Pompeii
August 24, 79 A.D.
On August 24, 79 Mount Vesuvius blew spewing poisonous vapors, molten debris, ash, and pumice. This event caused the towns of Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Stabiae to completely vanish. For 1700 years these communities remained hidden. Because the cities have remained untouched since the explosion, they can tell a lot about life during the Roman Empire. -
111
Rome is Split
A.D. 395
Upon Theodosious death in 395 A.D., he split the Roman Empire in half so each of his sons could rule. The Western Empire was ruled by Rome and the Eastern Empire was ruled by Constantinople. The Western half was the first to fall and 1000 years later the Byzantium Empire fell. -
112
Constantine legalizes Christianity
341 A.D.
In the Eastern Empire, under the rule of Constantine, Christianity and Judaism became the only permitted religions in Rome. Pagan temples were destroyed or converted. The church used the power to oppress and exile Pagans. -
113
Roman Empire Falls
The Fall of Rome
In A.D. 476, a Germanic barbarian by the name of Odoacer overthrew Romulus Augustulus and took control of Rome. He became the king of Italy and the last emperor of Rome. This is considered the end of the Roman Empire. This fall caused almost all of Europe to fall into barbarianism. -
114
The Byzantine Empire Falls
A.D. 1453
The Byzantine Empire ruled most of the Eastern and Southern European regions throughout the middle Ages. The capital city was Constantinople and was the largest and wealthiest city in Europe. The Ottomans came in and conquered the Byzantine Empire, after they were weaken by the Crusades. -
115
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Second Triumvirate Emerges
31 B.C.
After Caesar’s death, his relative Octavian formed the Second Triumvirate with Antony. Antony and Octavian formed this alliance out of necessity, not love. Antony married Octavia, Octavian’s sister, to show unity. During their reign, the leaders split Rome into west and east parts. -
Caesar named and enemy of Rome
49 B.C.
Caesar becomes an enemy of the state of Rome because he refused to listen to the Senate's orders to disband his army and returned home. This put Pompey and Caesar at odds. At the battle of Pharsalus, Pompey and Caesar fought. Pompey surrenders and fled to Egypt where he was stabbed to death.
